CHAPTER 3

FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTIONS
Frequency distribution is the organization of raw data in table form,
using classes and frequency.
Number of Kilometers traveled by the Frequency
students of Stat 101 every Saturday
40 – 50 3
30 – 39 3
20 – 29 12
10 – 19 10
0–9 6
TOTAL N = 34
Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution
1. Array the data
2. Find the range (R). Range is the difference between the highest
score and the lowest score. R = H – L
3. Find the number of classes (k). k √N
4. Find the interval (I). I = R / k
5. Find the upper and the lower limits of the classes.
6. Prepare the class interval and the class frequency column.
Example:
Ages of professional men interviewed from various companies and
government agencies who has been sexually assaulted (harassed) by
their female superior at their workplace.
19 33 42 22 31 49
22 21 34 27 37 32
50 31 33 26 42 44
22 33 29 24 27 28
30 29 39 38 32 20
Array the Data
49 42 33 31 22 19
37 34 32 27 22 21
50 44 42 33 31 26
33 29 28 27 24 22
39 38 32 30 29 20
Find the Range: R = H – L
R = 50 – 19
R = 31

Find the class: k = R √ N

k = 30√ 5
k = 5.48 or 5
Find the Interval: I = R / K
I= 31 / 5
I = 6.20 or 6
Find the Lower limits of the classes
a. Lowest Score = lowest limit = 19
Lowest Score + Interval = 19 + 6 = 25
25 + 6 = 31
31 + 6 = 37
37 + 6 = 43
43 + 6 = 49
49 + 6 = 55
55 + 6 = 61
The lower limits are 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61
Find the Upper limits of the classes
b. Upper Limits
Lower limits + (Interval – 1) = 19 + (6-1) = 24
25 + 5 = 30
31 + 5 = 36
37 + 5 = 42
43 + 5 = 48
49 + 5 = 54
55 + 5 = 60
61 + 5 = 66
The upper limits are 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66
Prepare the class interval and the class
frequency columns.
CLASS FREQUENCY (F)
56 – 61 0
50 – 55 1
44 – 49 2
38 – 43 4
32 – 37 7
26 – 31 9
19 – 25 7
TOTAL 30
Cumulative Frequencies, Class Mark and
Class Boundaries
Frequency Distribution Table
Frequency Frequency Class Marks Class
Class Interval (F) Percent (F%) or Midpoint Boundaries Cumulative Frequency
(Mpt) ≤ ≥
50 – 55 1 3.33% 52.50 49.50 – 55.50 30 1
44 – 49 2 6.67% 46.50 43.50 – 49.50 29 3
38 – 43 4 13.33% 40.50 37.50 – 43.50 27 7
32 – 37 7 23.33% 34.50 31.50 – 37.50 23 14
26 – 31 9 30.00% 28.50 25.50 – 31.50 16 23
19 – 25 7 23.33% 22.50 18.50 – 25.50 7 30
TOTAL 30 99.99%
FREQUENCY or CLASS FREQUENCY (F) - This refers to the number of
observation of a certain class.
CLASS or CLASS INTERVAL (C) – Refers to the symbol that defines the
class.
CLASS BOUNDARIES (Cb) – This refers to the difference of lower limit and 0.5 to
obtain the lower boundaries and the sum of the upper limit and 0.5 for the upper
boundaries.
CLASS MARKS or MIDPOINT (Mpt.) – Refers to the average of the lower
and upper limit.
SIZE OF A CLASS INTERVAL or INTERVAL (I) – Refers to the difference between the
two consecutive lower limits or the difference between the two consecutive upper
limits.
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY UPWARD (CFu) or CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
To compute for the Cfu, retain the frequency that is in the lowest Place
and add all the frequencies cumulatively from the lowest place up the
highest place to get the cumulative frequencies. In the given distribution
below, the frequency that is in the lowest place is 1 and the highest place
is 7.
Retaining 1 and adding all the frequencies cumulative we have:
1, 1+2=3, 3+4=7, 7+7=14, 14+9=23, 23+7=30
Therefore, the Cfu’s are 1, 3, 7, 14, 23, 30
Different Graphs that may represent the Frequency Distribution

A. Frequency Polygon
10

0
22.5 28.5 34.5 40.5 46.5 52.5

Class Midpoints
Histogram
Ogive
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8