Organising the pedigree chart

• Generations are identified by Roman numerals

II

III

IV
Organising the pedigree chart
• Individuals in each generation are identified by Arabic numerals
numbered from the left
• Therefore the affected individuals are II3, IV2 and IV3
I

II

III

IV
Most common signs and symbols used
in pedigree analysis

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Patterns of Inheritance

• Patterns in the pedigree are used to determine how a

trait is inherited
• (I)Autosomal inheritance: Traits are caused by genes on
autosomes (chrms 1- 22)
• 1. Autosomal dominant (e.g., Huntington’s Disease)
• 2. Autosomal recessive (e.g., PKU)

• (II) Sex-linked inheritance: Traits are caused by genes

on the sex chrms (X or Y)
• 1. X-linked dominant (e.g., hypophosphatemia)
• 2. X-linked recessive (e.g., color-blindness, hemophilia)
• 3. Y-linked
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