1.

It is defined as the slope of the linear-elastic

part of the stress–strain curve

Answer
• elastic modulus
2. describes response to tensile or compressive
loading

• Answer
• Young’s modulus, E,
3. describes shear loading

Answer
Shear modulus, G
4.describes hydrostatic pressure

Answer
bulk modulus, K
• 5. It is the nominal stress at which a round bar
of the material, loaded in tension, separates

• Answer
ultimate (tensile) strength
• 6. The____________, of a material is a crude
measure of its strength.

Answer
• hardness, H
7. (a dimensionless quantity), measures the
degree to which a material dissipates vibrational
energy

Answer
• loss-coefficient, h
• 8. and 9.
• Two temperatures, the_______________, and the
________________ are fundamental because they
relate directly to the strength of the bonds in the
solid

Answers
• melting temperature, Tm and glass temperature, Tg
(units for both: K or C)
• 10. The rate at which heat is conducted
through a solid at steady state (meaning that
the temperature profile does not change with
time) is measured by the____________.

• Answer
• thermal conductivity, l (units: W/m.K).
11. The thermal strain per degree of
temperature change is measured by the
_____________.

Ans. linear thermal-expansion coefficient, a

(units: K1or, more conveniently, as
‘‘microstrain/C’’ or 106C1)
• 12. ________________ is the maximum
temperature difference through which a
material can be quenched suddenly without
damage.

• Answer
• The thermal shock resistance DTs (units: K or
C)
13. The ____________ is the resistance of a unit
cube with unit potential difference between a
pair of it faces.

• Answer
electrical resistivity, re (SI units U.m, but
commonly reported in units of mU.cm)
14. The _____________ is the electrical
potential gradient at which an insulator breaks
down and a damaging surge of current flows
through it.

Answer
breakdown potential (units: MV/m)
• 15. The _____________ is the sine of the loss
angle, and measures the fraction of the
energy stored in the dielectric at peak voltage
that is dissipated in a cycle; when small, it is
equal to the loss tangent.

• Answer
• power factor (dimensionless)
16-17. The two fundamental forces between atoms

• Answer
• attractive forces due to the specific type of
chemical bonding in a particular solid,
• repulsive forces due to overlapping of the outer
electron shells of neighboring atoms.
• 18. In this type of chemical bonds, the outer
(valence) electrons from the metallic element are
transferred to the nonmetallic element, causing a
positive charge on the atoms of the former and a
negative charge on the atoms of the latter.

• Answer
• ionic bonding
19-21. three basic geometric forms or crystal
structure:

• Answer
face-centered cubic (FCC)
body-centered cubic (BCC)
hexagonal close-packed (HCP)
22. is a heat treatment that is applied to cold-
• worked metals to allow the structure and
properties of
• the pre-cold-worked state to be regained.

• Answer
• Annealing
• 23. is the time-dependent deformation at
elevated temperatures under constant load or
constant stress.

• Answer
• Creep
• 24. The ____________ represents the fraction
of incident light scattered or reflected at an
interface between media having different
refractive indices.

• Answer
• reflectivity (IR/I0)
25. A qualitative assessment of the relative
fracture toughness of different materials,
especially at high strain rates, is readily obtained
from a simple test, called the

Answer
Charpy V-notch test.