

ABSTRACT
Although it appears first, plan on writing the abstract last. The
abstract is the hardest part of the thesis to write, and it is the part
most readers of the thesis will read it first.
 The abstract should be very well written. It should be clear, easy to
read, and to‐the point.
 The abstract conveys the most important messages regarding your
project, such as: what you set out to do? How did you do it? What
results were obtained? What you conclude and recommend.
 You will have a much better shot at writing a good abstract after
you have completed all the other parts of the thesis and it is
recommended not to be more than 1 page.
 Suggested Guidelines for
Thesis/Dissertation Chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction
 Background of the thesis

 Problem Statement: Why is this research important?

Support with literature
 What are the objectives & research questions of this
study?
 What are the significance of the thesis?

 What are the thesis limitations & scope of the thesis?

Background of the thesis
 The background study for a thesis includes a review of the
area being researched, current information surrounding the
issue, previous studies on the issue, and relevant history on
the issue.
 Ideally, the study should effectively set forth the history and
background information on your thesis problem.
 It can include both relevant and essential studies. Background
of the study is used to prove that a thesis question is relevant
and also to develop the thesis. Start from worldwide issues
and come to the specific point of your work.
Problem Statement
 This is the most critical and important part of all
research projects.
 The problem is the focus of thesis research. It
is the reason (justification) for the research.
 The problem identification and explanation
affect the quality, usefulness, effectiveness, and
efficiency of the research, more than any other
part of the research plan.

4
 The research problem is the reason the
research is being undertaken
 The written problem description is the only
credible evidence that a clear understanding
of the issue has been achieved.
 Why is this research important? Support with
literature
 Must start from worldwide approach to
specific conditions
5
Objectives
 Objectives specify what the research project
proposes to accomplish (do, achieve, estimate,
determine, measure, evaluate, etc.)
 These are usually best specified in general and
specific parts. Often the shortest part of the
thesis, but it is the centerpiece.
 General objective – states the main purpose of the
study. It should derive directly from the research
problem statement. It is a title which is expressed in
passive words.
 Specific objectives – a set or list of sub-objectives,
each of which contributes to achieving the general
objective 6
Chapter 2: Literature Review
 Review of relevant literature.
 Compare/contrast previous literature with what you
intend to do.
 How does your intended work extend the knowledge
frontier?
 Start from the worldwide issue come to your specific
location issues.
 Try to identify the gap which needs to be addressed
by the research.
Other parts
 Reference use Harvard system
 Table name arrangement
 Put on top of the table
 Eg. 2.1 Causes of Time Overrun
 Figure name arrangement
 Put at the bottom of the figure
 Eg. 2.1 Respondent Experience in Year
 Use Times new Roman
 14 font size for title and 12 for other parts
 Make it justify which mean all sentences lines
have equal level
 Use 1.5 line spacing between sentences