THIN-WALLED

VESSELS
 THIN-WALLED CYLINDERS
•  a cylinder tank carrying a gas or fluid under
pressure ρ() is subjected to tensile forces
which resist the bursting forces developed
across longitudinal and traverse sections.

𝑭
 
𝝆=
𝑨
 THIN-WALLED CYLINDERS
• The stress in the longitudinal section that resists the
bursting force F is obtained by dividing it by the area of
the two cut surfaces.
• This stress is usually called the tangential stress
because it acts tangent to the surface of the cylinder;
other common names are circumference stress, hoop
stress and girth stress.
 THIN-WALLED CYLINDERS
• Tangential stress:

Σ 𝐹𝑣=0
  𝐹=𝜌  𝐷𝐿 𝐹=2
  𝑃

𝑃 
𝐹=2
  𝑃 𝜎𝑡= ] 
𝐴
𝐹
 
𝜌= 𝐴=𝑡𝐿
   𝜌𝐷
𝐴 𝜎𝑡=
2𝑡
𝐴=𝐷𝐿
  𝑃=𝜎  𝑡 (𝑡𝐿)
 THIN-WALLED CYLINDERS
• Longitudinal stress:
𝐴=𝐶𝑡
 

𝑃=𝜎  𝐿 𝜋 𝐷 𝑡

𝐹=𝑃
 

𝐷2
 𝜋
Σ 𝐹𝑣=0
  𝐴= 𝜋 𝐷2  
4 𝜌 =𝜎 𝐿 𝜋 𝐷 𝑡
4
𝐷2 𝜋
𝐹=𝑃
  𝐹=𝜌
4
 𝜌
𝐷
𝐹
    𝑃 𝜎𝑡=
𝜌= 𝜎 𝐿= 4𝑡
𝐴 𝐴
 PROBLEMS
1. A cylinder pressure vessel is fabricated from steel
plates which have a thickness of 20mm. The
diameter of the pressure vessel is 500mm and its
length is 3m. Determine the maximum internal
pressure which can be applied if the stress in the
steel is limited to 140 MPa. (refer to figure 1)

Figure 1
 PROBLEMS
Given:
𝑡 =20  𝑚𝑚 𝐿=3
  𝑚  
Req’d:
𝐷=500   𝑚𝑚 σ =140  𝑀𝑃𝑎

Solution:
(Tangential)
 𝜌 𝐷 𝑁   𝜌 (500𝑚𝑚)
𝜎𝑡= 140( )= 𝜌=11.2
  MPa
2𝑡 𝑚𝑚
2
2(20 𝑚𝑚)
(Longitudinal)
 𝜌𝐷 𝑁   𝜌 (500𝑚𝑚)
𝜎 𝐿= 140( 2
)= 𝜌=22.4
  MPa
4𝑡 𝑚𝑚 4(20 𝑚𝑚)

Answer:
 
Thin-walled cylinders
2) The tank shown is fabricated from 10mm
thick steel plate. Determine the maximum
longitudinal and circumferential stresses
caused by an internal pressure of 1.2MPa

Given:
ρ = 1.2MPa
 
Required:
σt and σL
Thin-walled cylinders
Tangential Stress

ρ = F/A
A = 1000L
F = ρ(1000L)
 
σt = P/A
A = tL
P = σt(tL)
 
ΣFy = 0
F = 2P
ρ(1000L) =2[σt(10mm)L]
σt =1.2MPa(1000mm)/2(10mm)

σt = 60MPa
Thin-walled cylinders
Cirumferential Stress

F=P
ρ = F/A
A = 600(400) + π(400)2/4
F = 1.2MPa[600(400) + π(400)2/4]
 
σL = P/A
A = 600(10)(2) + π(400)(10)
P = σL[600(10)(2) + π(400)(10)]

σL = 17.86MPa