Introduction to OOP

SEC4207

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Lineup for today..
• Learning Outcomes
• Required Reading/Learning Materials
• Object
• Class
• OOP Concepts

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Module
• Module Name : Introduction to OOP
• Module Code : SEC4207
• Credits : 20
• Learning Hours : 200
Teaching – 72
Student centered learning – 128

Teaching : Lecture and lab session

Assessment : 100% assessments
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Learning Outcomes
• LO1: Understand the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming
concepts

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Object oriented programming

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What is an object ?
• Object is an entity that has state (properties) and behavior
(functions)
• For example a chair, pen, table, keyboard, bike, etc. It can be physical or
logical.
• An Object can be defined as an instance of a class.

Car Scale
Footballer

Complex Number
Introduction to OOP
$
Bank Account
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What is an object?
• The “Car” Object

• In order to define the car object, we need to be able to abstract the states/attributes and
behaviors/functions of the car. We need to define the car in terms of :
• State What features/current state distinguish it from other objects?
• Behavior What it can do

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What is an object ?
• The “Car” Object (cont’d)
• States/attributes
A car may have the following features or attributes :
• Color
• Speed
• Size
• Fuel
• Engine capacity
• Behavior
– Functionally, a car can do the following:
• Drive
• Stop/Brake
• Turn right
• Turn left

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What is an object ?
• An object (a software object) is a software bundle of variables and related
methods.
• A software object maintains its state in variables and implements its behavior
with methods.
• State ==> variables
• Behavior ==> methods
• We can represent real-world objects using software objects.

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What is a class?
• Collection of objects is called class.
• It is a logical entity.
• A class can also be defined as a blueprint from which you can create
an individual object.

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OOP Concepts
•Abstraction
•Encapsulation
•Inheritance
•Polymorphism

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 Abstraction
• Abstraction is refer to the act of representing the essential features
without including the background details
• Hiding unnecessary data from the user and making the application as
user friendly is called an abstraction

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Encapsulation
• Encapsulation leads to hiding the complexity of the implementation
inside the class.

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Inheritance
• Inheritance is the sharing of attributes and operations among classes based on
a hierarchical relationship.
• Inheritance also facilitates reusability since all the attributes and behavior of
the main class is available to its sub-classes.

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 Class A Parent class/Super class/Base Class

Class B Class C

Child class/Sub class/Derived Class

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Polymorphism
• Polymorphism is simply a name given to an action that is performed
by similar objects.

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