AUDITORIUM
TYPES OF AUDITORIUM:
Proscenium Stage
Thrust Stage
PARTS OF AUDITORIUM:
Horizontal cone of vision
SIZE AND SHAPE:
• The floor area, gangways =
0.6 to 0.9 sq. m per person.
• The average height of the
hall 6m - 7·5 m
• Ceiling may be flat but it is
preferable to provide a slight
increase in the height near the
centre of hall
• The side walls should be
arranged to have an angle of not
more than 100 degrees with the
curtain line.
Seating:
• The distance of the farthest
seat from the curtain line
• Concentric seating is found to be
should not normally exceed 23
more efficient in auditoriums instead
metres
of straight linear seating.
• Multiple Aisle System of seating is Multiple aisle: Continental:
found to be more efficient . Max. 14-16 seating per
row with access to aisles-
Max. quantity of seat
per row can greatly
Back Stage Rear walls: way at both ends exceed
Flat or convex in shape,this should
Stage not be concave in shape to avoid
any tendency for the sound to focus
into the hall.
House Side Wall:
Non-parallel as in the case of a fan-
Entrance lobby shaped hall. Difference between the
direct path and the path reflected
from side wall. shall not exceed
15m.
Head movement :
• 30 - No movement
• 60 - Slight eye movement
• 110 - Slight eye and head movement
• 150 - Head movement 90 degree.
• 360 - Full head and shoulder movement
Vertical cone of vision
 Fire safety norms by the National Building Code of India:
• Capacity of exits:
In assembly building 'convention center’ , the capacity storey
Elevators: unit width of exit of stairways, ramps and doors is 40,50 and 60
Location: respectively.
Passenger lifts should be within a reasonable The travel distance to an exit from of corridor shall not
walking distance from the furthest part of the exceed 32m in case of buildings
• Doorways:
floor areas served (say, 70 m maximum) and,
where they are the only or main lifts near an No exit doorway shall be less than 1000mm in width except
entrance. The location of goods and service lifts assembly buildings where door shall be not less than 2000
will depend on their function, but they should mm. Doorways shall not be not less than 2300mm in height.
• Stairways and ramps: Minimum(mm) Maximum(mm)
not open into passenger lift lobbies or public DESCRIPTION
areas. The minimum width tread shall be 320 mm the maximum
height of riser shall be 150mm for assembly buildings A Overall seat depth 600 720
Planning a passenger lift:
The minimum width of a staircase shall be 2m B Tipped seat depth 425 500
Cul-de-sac or recessed lobbies, are essential to
get the maximum performance from lift groups. The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a C SeaT way 305
Clearly, having called for lift service the waiting staircase and under the staircase shall 2.2 m D Back to back seat spacing 750
The of slop of ramp shall not exceed in 1 in 10 certain cases E Seat width for seat with arms 500 750
passengers should not have to walk further than
necessary to the responding lift car, and should steeper slopes maybe permitted but no case greater than 1 in F Annest height 50
8. G Seat height 430 450
not be obstructed by passers-by.
• Horizontal exits: H Arnnrest height 600
For buildings more than 24 min height, refuge area of 15 I Seatback height 800 850
sqm or an area equivalent to 0.3 sqm per person to J Seat inclination 17 9
accommodate the occupants of consecutive floors K Bock inclination 15 20
 FIRE PROTECTION
1. Stage Fire Protection
• A fire curtain or water curtain is to
be provided to contain smoke/fire
within the stage.
• The curtain is required to be
activated by rate-of-rise heat
detectors operating at a temperature
rise of 9 to 11 °C per minute
2.Sprinklers
• Sprinklers are required to be
provided under a roof. If galleries
over the stage are more than 4 feet in
width, the sprinklers must be
provided over the stage.

 SERVICES IN AUDITORIUM
• Stage lighting
• Light control
• Curtain system-motorised & vertical
system
• Cyclorama screen
• Dimmers
• Escape and exit route
• Parking
• Circulation
Ramps:
Internal staircase:
• A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater than 1 in
• Al assembly buildings having area more than 500 sq.m
20 or maximum of I in 12 for short distance up to 9000 mm.
each floor shall have a minimum of two staircases.
• Each ramp shall have at least 1800 mm of straight clearance at
• The minimum width for a staircase in an assembly
the bottom.
building shall be 1500mm.
• At least one entrance usable by individuals in wheelchairs shall be
• The rise should not exceed 190 mm, and the going
on a level that would make the elevators accessible.
Width of a ramp:
should not be less than 250 mm.
• • The top of the handrail should be between 900 and
It is determined according to type and intensity of use. One way
travel requires a minimum width of 900 mm clear, whereas two- *Basement parking: 1000 mm above the pitch line.
• Every basement shall be in every part at least 2.4 m in • The minimum headroom in a passage under the
way travel needs 1500 mm
height from the floor to the underside of the roof slab or landing of a staircase and under the staircase shall be
Parking: ceiling. 2.2 m.
* Surface parking: • Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the basement.
Parking spaces may parallel, per- pendicular, or angled (30, 45, or 60 • The access to the basement shall be separate from the
degree) main and alternative staircase providing access and exit
from higher floors.
AMPHITHEATRE
609MM

6 ROWS 240 SEATS

7ROWS 300 SEATS 406MM

DEATIL OF STEPS

DIMENSIONS IN MM:
STAGE 7315 X 3657 MM
STAGE TO SEATING 6096MM
ROW TO ROW 1219 MM
AISLE WIDTH 1525 MM

BASIC LAYOUT OF THEATRE

SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

 ZONING

3.6M

153 SM
268 SM
11 SM
10 SM
70 SM

AREA 789SM
DIMNSION 18.2 M BY 6.4M
200 TO 400 PEOPLE

22 SM

LAYOUT

914MM

2438MM

3656MM 4267MM 1828MM1219MM ROOM SIZES:

2800 X 3657 MM
SECTION 5790 X 3657 MM
3048 X 4267 MM
MATERIALS: 914MM WORSPACE
GLASS TILES
3048 X 3657MM
CERAMIC TILES
 • Writing surface
Conference use may require a writing surface for note-taking. The writing surface may be:
A tablet fixed to each seat
A fixed table with fixed pivoting or sliding seat

Auditorium Design:
• Audience requirements:
Every member of the audience should be able to see and hear clearly whatever is Seating density:
happening on every part of the stage or platform. The greater the encirclement of
the audience of platform or stage, more people can be accommodated within the Seats with arms and tippable seat can occupy a space as small as 500
aural and visual limitations up to 180° encirclement. With a full encirclement, the mm wide with a row-to-row dimension of 760 mm; but can be as large as
distance from platform or stage is restricted to six rows. 750 mm wide by 1400 mm. The area per seat therefore varies between
0.38 sq m and 3.05 sq m.
• Number of seats in a row:
With traditional seating the maximum number is 22 if there are gangways at
both ends of the row, and 11 for gangway at one end. Rows with more than 22
seats are permitted if the audience is not thereby imperiled.
• Row to row spacing:
Spacing is controlled by the clearway between the leading edge of the seat
and the rear of the back of the seat in front. For traditional seating the
minimum clearway for people to pass along the row is 300 mm and this
dimension increases with the number of seats in a row. For continental seating
the clearway is not less than 400 mm and not more than 500 mm.
• Gangways:
As gangways are essential escape routes, their widths are determined by the
number of seats served. The minimum is 1100 mm. They can be ramped up to
10%. If the seating rake is steeper, gangways must have steps extending the
full width and these must have consistent treads and risers in each run.
• Seating geometry:
Seating is usually laid out in straight or curved rows focused towards the
platform or stage. Further forms are the angled row, straight row with curved
change of direction and straight rows within emphasised blocks of seats.
• Sightlines for a seated audience:
For every member of the audience to have an uninterrupted view of the
platform or stage over the heads in front and clear of overhangs the
section and plan of the auditorium need to conform to certain
limitations set by vertical and horizontal sightlines.
Means of escape
• Travel distance:
The maximum travel distance from seat to exit within the auditorium is determined by the
need to evacuate from each level of the auditorium within 27 minutes. For traditional seating
the maximum travel distance is 18 m measured from the gangway, for continental seating
15 m from any seat.
• Exits:
From each level of the auditorium two separate exits must be provided for the first 500
seats with an additional exit for each further 250 seats.
• Stairs:
Staircase flights should have at least two risers and not more than 16. Al treads should be
275 mm and risers 180 mm.
• Ramps:
Wheelchair users should be provided with flat or ramped escape routes which may be
separate from other routes. Ramps should not be longer than 4.5 m or steeper than 8.5%.
Conference Rooms
A conference hall or conference room is a room provided for singular events such as
business conferences and meetings. Sometimes other rooms are modified for large
conferences such as arenas or concert halls. Conference rooms can be windowless for
security purposes.
Space standards:
 Restaurants
A place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the
premises. Various types of restaurants are classified based upon menu style,
preparation methods and pricing.
Types of restaurants

Relationship of main elements

Space Standards
a. Aisles:
• Must be a minimum width of 3 meters.
• Must equal total width of existing exits.
• Must have 2 exits.
• Must have no deod endis.
b. Fire exits / Clearways:
• Designated fire exits and clear ways cannot be encroached upon under any
circumstance. Storage of materials or equipment in these areas is not permitted. It is
the responsibility of the event organizer to ensure that stand holders comply with
this requirement.
Space standards:
Bar Service:
• Restaurants should be planned so that a variety of seating arrangements is possible • To encourage business from non-diners the main bar may have an external entrance.
• To eat comfortably, one person requires a 600mm wide and 400mm deep table.
• A fairly long bar counter supported by bar store and place for seating should be provided.
• Service aisles should be minimum 900mm to 1350mm wide if used both by trolleys and • Cocktail lounge (comfortable) 1.8-2.0m- per person.
guests
• General bar (some standing and on stools) 1.3-1.7 SQ m per person.
• Area required per person ranges from 1.3-1.9 m.
• There must be clarity in organization between self-service, fast food, etc. and a separate
smoking area.

TOILET FACILITY:
 Central Kitchen:
Kitchen requirements vary depending on preparation methods used.
The capacity of the kitchen is primarily dependent on the number of
customer seats, Customer expectations and the proportion of raw
materials which have to be freshly prepared.
Group catering for large number of people requires labor saving mechanization
and automatic units i.e. a programmed kitchen from meals plan, through goods
procurement to meal distribution and crockery cleaning for more than 800-1000
table places.
• Allow approximately 50% extra for staff toilets (0.4m-/person), locker and
changing room (0.6SQm/person)
• The kitchen should be planned on one level to serve all catering outlets.
• If this is not possible, the main kitchen should be on the same level as the
main restaurant, with preparation and stores on a different level.
• Banqueting service area not next to kitchen should be linked by service lifts
and stairs and have their own forward service equipment.
FIRE SAFETY NORMS BY NBC:
General Exit Requirements
• An exit may be a doorway: to an internal staircase, or external staircase, or terrace(s),
which have access to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge area.
• All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an
exterior open space leading to a street.
• Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another
occupied unit.
Capacity of exits
• The unit of exit width, used to measure the capacity of any exit, shall be 500 mm. A clear
width of 250 mm shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear widths less than 250 mm
shall not be counted for exit width.
• In an assembly building (convention center), the capacity per storey per unit width of exit
of stairways, ramps and doors is 40,50 and 60 respectively.
• The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not exceed 30m in
case of assembly buildings
Doorways
• No exit doorway shall be less than 1000 mm in width except assembly buildings where
door width shall be not less than 2000 mm. Doorways shall be not less than 2000 mm in
height. Stairways and ramps
• The minimum width of tread shall be 300 mm and the maximum height of riser shall be
150 mm for assembly buildings
. • The minimum width for a staircase shall be 2m.
• The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and under the
staircase shall be 2.2 m.
• The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10. In certain cases steeper slopes maybe
permitted but in no case greater than 1 in 8.
Horizontal exits
• For buildings more than 24 min height, refuge area of 15 sq m or an area equivalent to 0.3
sq m per person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors.
Vertical circulation:
Escalators:

• Angle of inclination of an escalator from the horizontal shall not exceed 30°,
but for rises not exceeding 6 m the angle of inclination is permitted to be
increased up to 350
• In accordance with a worldwide standard, the width of the step to be used
is 60cm (for one person), 80cm (for one-to-two people width) and 100cm (for
two people width). A 100cm step provides ample space for carrying goods.
• Calculation of length in plan for an escalator:
- with 30deg. escalator = 1.732 storey height
- with 35deg. escalator = 1.428 storey height
- • The landing area of escalators shall have a surface that provides a
secure foot hold for a minimum distance of 0.85 m measured from the root
of the comb teeth.

Elevators:
• Location:
Passenger lifts should be within a reasonable walking distance from the
furthest part of the floor areas served (say, 70 m maximum) and where they are
the only or main lifts near an entrance. The location of goods and service lifts
will depend on their function, but they should not open into passenger lift
lobbies or public areas.
• Planning a passenger lift:
Cul-de-sac or recessed lobbies, are essential to get the maximum performance
from lift groups. Clearly, having called for lift service the waiting passengers
should not have to walk further than necessary to the responding lift car, and
should not be obstructed by passers-by.

4100
 Each ramp shall have at least 1800 mm of straight clearance at the bottom.
• At least one entrance usable by individuals in wheelchairs shall be on a level that
would make the elevators accessible.
• Width of a ramp:
It is determined according to type and intensity of use. One-way travel requires a
minimum width of 900 mm clear, whereas two-way travel needs 1500 mm. Where
turns occur at landings adequate space for manoeuvring wheelchairs must be
provided.
Internal staircase:
• All assembly buildings having area more than 500 m on each floor shall have a
minimum of two staircases.
• The minimum width for a staircase in an assembly building shall be 1500mm.
• The formula for most staircases of twice the rise plus the going lies between 600
and 630mm will give a suitable relationship.
• The rise should not exceed 190 mm, and the going should not be less than 250
mm.

• The top of the handrail should be between 900 and 1000 mm above the pitch
line. • The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and
under the staircase shall be 2.2 m.

Surface parking:
Parking stalls should be built to accommodate the larger cars frequently used,
although not necessarily the very largest. Parking spaces may be parallel,
perpendicular, or angled (30, 45, or 60 degree) to the driving lane, or aisle,rea
per ECS for surface car parking as per DDA is 23 sq m

Ramps:

• These are used to allow wheeled vehicles such as trolleys, wheelchairs and
buggies to change levels. • A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater
than 1 in 20 or maximum of 1 in 12 for short distance up to 9000 mm