CO ORDINATED MASTER

CONTROL (CMC)

By
V.Hariayyappan
EHTC
Electro-Hydraulic Turbine Controller
ESSENTIALLY CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING CONTROL
LOOPS:
1. SPEED CONTROL LOOP.
2. LOAD CONTROL LOOP.
3. PRESSURE CONTROL LOOP.
ONE OF THESE THREE LOOPS ACT SELECTIVELY ON
THE SUBORDINATE VALVE LIFT CONTROL.
THE VALVE LIFT CONTROLLER ACTUATES THE
PLUNGER COIL OF THE ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC
CONVERTER WHICH ACTS AS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN
THE ELECTRICAL AND THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.
SPEED CONTROLLER
Speed Control
REALISES THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS:
1. START-UP AND SHUTDOWN OF TURBINE
2. SYNCHRONISATION OF THE GENERATOR

3. PROVIDES A MINIMUM LOAD OPERATION

4. OPERATION OF THE TURBO-SET IN THE

COMPLETE POWER RANGE IN CASE
LOAD CONTROLLER IS DEFECTIVE
LOAD CONTROLLER
Load Control

LOOP REALISES THE FOLLOWING

OPERATIONS:

1. LOAD REFERENCE LIMITER

2. FREQUENCY LOAD DROOP
3. LOAD/FREQUENCY CONTROLLER
PRESSURE CONTROLLER
Pressure Control

CONTROLS THE TURBINE LOAD W.R.T.

THE MAIN STEAM PRESSURE DEVIATION
AND PREVENTS A PRESSURE DROP e.g.
DURING A QUICK LOAD INCREASE.

TWO OPERATIONAL MODES CAN BE

SELECTED:
1.INITIAL PRESSURE CONTROL.
2.LIMIT PRESSURE CONTROL.
EHTC
 TYPES OF PLANT MODE OF
OPERATION
 Boiler follow mode
 Turbine follow mode
 Coordinate mode
 Manual mode
CMC
BOILER FOLLOW MODE
IN THIS MODE:
 BOILER FOLLOWS THE TURBINE

 THE STEAM PRESSURE IS CONTROLLED BY

CONTROLLING THE FUEL FIRING IN THE
BOILER
 BOILER MASTER IS ON AUTO MODE

 EHG IS ON MAN MODE AND EHG ACTS AS

POWER CONTROLLER
 EHG IN POWER CONTROL MEANS IT WILL
TRY TO MAINTAIN THE GENERATOR OUTPUT
TO A FIXED FOLLOW AS PER THE POWER
CONTROLLER SET POINT GIVEN FROM EHG
 BOILER FOLLOW MODE…
MS FLOW MS PRESSURE

Grid
MS Pr. Set point
PD

BOILER Turbine

PID
EHG Pr G
Ctrlr
+ +
Fuel Ctrl Air Ctrl
LOAD

Load Set Point

Boiler Demand
 CHARACTERISTICS OF BOILER FOLLOW MODE

 COMBUSTION SYSTEM IS FULLY AUTOMATIC

 THE MAIN STEAM PRESSURE VARIES AS BOILER
RESPONSE IS SLOW (ENERGY CONVERSION)
 EHG, ACTING IN POWER CONTROL MODE, KEEPS
THE POWER OUTPUT FIXED TO THE SET VALUE
TURBINE FOLLOW MODE
IN THIS MODE:
 TURBINE FOLLOWS THE BOILER

 THE FINAL STEAM PRESSURE IS

CONTROLLED BY THE TURBINE
ADMISSION VALVES
 THE LOAD IS CONTROLLED BY THE
BOILER. BOILER MASTER IS KEPT IN
MANUAL MODE
 EHG IS KEPT IN AUTO. WILL ACT IN
PRESSURE CONTROL MODE
TURBINE FOLLOW MODE

MS Pressure
Actual
PR. Tx.
GRID
Boiler Pr. Set Point
EHG
PI Controller

Turbine Generator
Fuel & Air
CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBINE FOLLOW MODE

 THE STEAM PRESSURE AT TURBINE INLET

REMAINS ALMOST CONSTANT
 THE LOAD MAY FLUCTUATE DEPENDING UPON
THE COMBUSTION IN BOILER
 IN CASE OF LARGE LOAD FLUCTUATION, THE
TURBINE STRESS PARAMETERS ARE
OVERLOOKED
 RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN LOAD DEMAND IS
SLUGGISH
CMC
 In turbine follow mode, the system goes through a fast
process, overlooks load, load fluctuation, Turbine parameters
 In Boiler follow mode, the system goes through a slow

process, pressure fluctuation happens in large amount

 CMC is answer to the above two challenges

CO-ORDINATED MASTER CONTROL

 CMC is a Coordination control between fast response Turbine
and slow response Boiler
 It has preset values for producing Unit Load demand keeping
in mind all the primary protection parameters in mind
 The primary aim of CMC mode is to make the Unit steady and
reliable with fixed load output and minimum pressure
deviation
CMC MODE
In this mode:
 Boiler Master should be in Auto
 EHG should be on Auto and EHG in Power
control mode
 Unit load set point given from CMC console
 Fixed/sliding pressure set point given from CMC
console
PROCEDURE FOR PUTTING INTO CMC
For putting machine into CMC following loops
should be in auto:- 
 Airflow control should be in auto (vanes and

master control).
 Furnace pressure control in auto (IGV and
CMC MODE…
OTHER CONDITIONS  
 Select the LP mode (from EHTC page).
 PA header pressure control in auto.
 Both HPBP should be closed.
 Load deviation within limits (i.e. the deviation between load SP and
actual load should be less than 4.2MW).
 MS pressure deviation within limits (difference between MS set point
and actual MS pressure should not be high preferably within +
2kg/cm2).
 HPCV should be throttled (i.e. turbine should not be running under
valve wide open condition).
 Unit should be running under steady state (MW and fuel flow are
reasonably steady for about 10-15 minutes).
CMC MODE…
Ensuring all these conditions and auto loop status
proceeding to the next step
 Put the CMC on(i.e. from the popup given on EHTC
page )
 Now put the boiler master in auto
 The selection of plant mode control will be in manual.
 Then select the coordinate control from the popup given
on the load page (CMC page).
SALIENT FEATURES OF CMC
  DOWN
RUN
Run down is switched ON automatically when the Process
error(negative) i.e. Feed water, Air flow etc. becomes excessive
AND(&) the controller output of the particular loop(feed water, air
flow, furnace pressure and fuel) goes to maximum position making
process uncontrollable. Under the situation, Unit load demand is
reduced to a value as Permitted by the Process to get over the
blockage.
INCREASE BLOCKED
In this if any of the condition comes i.e. if process error (negative)
OR the controller output goes to maximum then Incr. blocked will
come and it will hold the unit load demand till process recovers
within limits.
FEATURES OF CMC…
CONDITIONS FOR RUN DOWN/INC.
BLOCKED 

 Feed water flow deviation

 Airflow deviation
 Fuel flow deviation
 Furnace pressure deviation
 Pa header pressure deviation
 Load control deviation
 Throttling pressure deviation
FEATURES OF CMC…
RUN UP
Run up is switched on automatically when the process error
(positive) i.e. feed water, air flow etc. becomes excessive and
(&) the controller output of the particular loop (feed water, air
flow, furnace pressure and fuel) goes to minimum position
making process uncontrollable. under the situation, unit load
demand is reduced to a value as permitted by the process to get
over the blockage.
DECREASE BLOCKED
In this if any of the condition comes i.e. if process error
(positive) or the controller output goes to minimum then decr.
blocked will come and it will hold the unit load demand till
process recovers within limits.
FEATURES OF CMC…
CONDITIONS FOR RUN UP/DEC. BLOCKED
 
 Feed water flow deviation
 Airflow deviation
 Fuel flow deviation
 Pa header pressure deviation
 Load control deviation
 Throttling pressure deviation
 FEATURES OF CMC…
RUNBACK
It is switched on automatically in the event of
tripping of unit auxiliaries i.e. BFP, ID, FD fans etc.
And unit capability will reduce and accordingly the
unit demand will also reduce. 
CONDITIONS FOR RUN BACK 
 One ID fan/ FD fan/ PA fan / BFP / CEP /Air Heater

tripping = 100mw will be reduced and unit capability

will be reduced to 150mw (60 % load).
 One Feeder tripping=65mw will be reduced from unit

capability and accordingly the unit load demand.

 NOTES
 Usually we keep the pressure controller in LP mode because if we
keep it in IP mode turbine will follow boiler and sometime due to
poor CV of coal the pressure is reduced and there is fluctuation in
load so to avoid this we keep it in LP mode so that firing is
increased according to the load.
 Unit capability is decided through minimum block i.e. if unit is
running on full load and If one mill trips 65 MW will be reduced
from unit capability and the new unit capability is 195MW and at
the same time if one ID fan trips then 100MW will be reduced from
the Unit capability so according to the minimum block new unit
capability is 150MW and accordingly the actual load will be
reduced.
THANKS