what is

leading?
“Leading is the use of
influence to motivate
employees to achieve
organizational
goals" (Richard Daft).
 motivation
Motivation is an equally
important responsibility
of management. It
translates directly into
productivity and team
effectiveness.
leadership
theories
1great man theory
 Great leaders are
born they are not
made
2 trait theory
 People are either born
or made with certain
qualities that will
make them excel in
leadership
3behavioural theory
 Focuses on the
behaviours of the
leaders as opposed to
their mental, physical or
social characteristics
4 contingency
theory
 Leaders are more likely
to express their
leadership when they
feel that their followers
will be responsive
5 transactional
leadership Theory
 Characterized by a
transaction made
between the leader
and the followers
6
Transformation
al
Leadership
 Leaders transform their
followers through their
Theory
inspirational nature and
charismatic personalities
Communication
encompasses all the means,
both formal and informal, by
which information is passed
up, down, and across the
network of managers and
employees in a business. 
communication Flows in
an organization
1Downward
 flows from a higher level
in an organization to a
lower level
2Upward
 flows to a higher
level in an
organization
3Lateral
 takes place at same
levels of hierarchy in
an organization
4Diagonal
 takes place between a
manager and employees
of other workgroups
5External
 takes place between a
manager and external
groups
Management of
change and
diversity
Types of change
1.Changes in people
2.Changes in structure
3.Changes in
technology
 Filipino and
Foreign Cultures
in Organization
3 Primary Filipino values
Social Acceptance
Economic Security
Social Mobility
 3 Filipino Beliefs &
Practices
Mañana Habit - Postponing work
Ningas Cogon - Waning of interest
Filipino Time - Late
 Foreign Culture
on Organizational
Management
4 Cultural Dimensions
Gender Egalitarianism
Assertiveness
Performance
Orientation
Humane Orientation
nature of directing
1.functions of
management
2.continuous
function
3.all managers
function
4.connecting
function
5.management
of human
means of
Effective
directing
1. orienting the
employees
2. Issuing orders and
instructions
Leading VS. Managing
 Leaders influence,
Managers direct. 
 Leaders have people
follow them
while managers have
people who work for them
Managers
 Traits of a Leader
Honesty & Integrity
Vision
Inspiration
Ability to Challenge
Communication Skills
Traits of a manager
Being Able to Execute
a Vision
Ability to Direct
Process Management
People Focused
 Different
theories of
motivation
1Maslow’s
Hierarchy
Of Needs Theory
2 McGregor’s
Theory X and
Theory Y
3 herzberg’s two
factor theory
4 mcclelland’s
three needs
theory
5
alderfer’s erg
theory
Different styles
of leadership
1authoritarian
this styles keeps main
emphasis on the
distinction of the
authoritarian leader and
their followers.
2paternalistic
in this style of leadership
the leader supplies
complete concern for his
followers or workers.
3democratic
Leader shares the decision-
making abilities with group
members by promoting the
interests of the group
members and by practicing
social equality
4laissez-faire
the rights and power to
make decisions are fully
given to the worker
5transactional
focus their leadership on
motivating followers
through a system of
rewards and punishment
6
transformationa
the main objective is to
l
work to change or
transform his or her
follower’s needs and
redirect thinking.
THANK YOU