DISC – 1 Genetic

Mutation
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Agenda Style
Definition
01 What is DISC -1 ?
What

Schizophrenia
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Bipolar
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Depression
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DISC-1;;;;;
Genetic
Disease
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, like many other common
diseases, is complex and multifactorial, with
contributions from multiple susceptibility genes,
epigenetic, stochastic, and environmental
factors.1 Family and twin studies have shown
that genetic factors play a major role in the
development of schizophrenia, and a number of
candidate risk genes.
DISC1 has captured much attention, not only being associated
with schizophrenia but also predisposing individuals to a wide
range of major mental disorders. Through genetics, cell biology,
animal modeling, and neuroimaging, the DISC1 pathway is
emerging as a pivotal mediator of quantitative and pathological
brain dysfunction
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Infographic Style
Manic episodes Major depressive disorder
( hypomanic episodes) ( unipolar depression )

Hopeless & discouraged

Energetic 1 1

Overly happy / optimistic 2 2 Lack energy & mental

focus

Euphoric 3 3 Physical symptoms like :

Eating
High self - esteem Sleeping
( to little or too much )
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Manic episodes
( hypomanic episodes )
This seems positive right ?
Sometimes individuals in a full manic episode
these symptoms can reach a dangerous
extreme
That person might invest all off their money in
a risky business or they can do something
recklessly , they can talk constantly at rapid –
fire pace
Sometimes they might feel that they are on a
personal mission from god or that they have
supernaturnal power…
 Mixed episodes
Sometimes, people with Bipolar disorder can show other, less common
symptoms as well :
For example having what are referred to as mixed episodes—experiencing
symptoms of both depression and mania at the same time.
Another symptom they might have is rapid cycling, which describes a situation
where a person has 4 or more episodes of depression or mania within a given
year.
 The Cause

Like most mental health conditions, the exact underlying cause

of bipolar disorder isn’t known
But it’s thought that there are genetic and environmental factors
that play a part
For example, one interesting clue is that people with family
members who have bipolar disorder are 10 times more likely to
have it themselves.
It’s also worth mentioning that people with bipolar disorder often
have other disorders like anxiety disorders, substance use
disorders, ADHD, and personality disorders as well, making
diagnosis and treatment a real challenge.
.
 Treatment
One of the oldest treatments is also one
of the most effective treatments, and
that’s lithium salts.
Lithium acts as a mood stabilizer—
smoothing out the highs and lows they
experience.
That said, it is much better at treating
manic rather than depressive episodes,
and so individuals who take it often
have to take other medications as well,
which can be problematic since some
antidepressants (like the SSRIs) can
trigger manic episodes in individuals
who are predisposed to them.
 Other treatment options include antipsychotics,
anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines, but many of
these—including lithium—have side effects that can
be severe and lead to non-adherence which can be
dangerous for an individual.
Therapy are not particularly effective in treating the
manic episodes of bipolar disorder (unlike certain
disorders like unipolar depression, psychological
interventions )
 Thank You
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