ANATOMICAL PEARLS

ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Acc Prof dr HAMIADJI
 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• The digestive system begins from the Rima oris ---to the
Anus
• The Oral cavity: Vestibulum oris – outside the dental row;
Cavum oris proprius – bordered by the palate & floor of the
mouth & dental row
• Composition of dentition: Milk teeth = 20; Adult teeth = 32
• The Tongue forms the content of the cavity
• Isthmus faucium (fauces) leads to the Oropharynx –
bordered by soft palate & pharyngeal arches & root of the
tongue
 PHARYNX - STOMACH
• The pharynx = the crossing place of Respiration
passage & Food passage
• The oesophagus = 25 cm long; from the front teeth =
15 cm + 25 cm total of 40 cm to reach the stomach
• The oesophagus passes through the muscular
diaphragm together with the vagus nerve
• The stomach has 3 muscular wall; deepest = oblique
layer that elevates the anthrum of the stomach
 STOMACH – SMALL INTESTINES
• The stomach has rugae and glands; the curvatura minor is
attached to omentum minus, the curvatura major to omentum
majus
• The left vagus is on the anterior surface; the right vagus on the
posterior surface
• The stomach rests on the lesser sac (omental bursa) – forms also
as the stomach bed
• The duodenum has a dense and high plicae duodenales +
doudenal glands + opening of common bile duct & pancreatic
ducts (with the sphincter of Oddi)
• The coeliac trunk & superior mesenteric artery supply the
duodenum
 SMALL INTESTINES – PORTAL VEIN
• The jejunum & ileum are intraperitoneal attached to the root of mesentery
(radix mesostenii = 20 cm)
• The ileum has lower plicae intestinales and protected by the GALT
(submucous lymphoid tissue)
• Blood supply is by left branches of suprior mesenteric artery (the right
branches supply the large intestines)
• Venous drainage is by the Portal vein to the liver
• The abdominal aorta has 3 sets of branches; the anterior 3 branches are:
Coeliac trunk, Superior mesenteric and Inferior mesenteric
• The lateral 4 pairs of branches: Inferior phrenic, Suprarenal, Renal, and
Gonadal arteries
• The posterior 5 pairs of lumbar branches (to the back areas)
• The venous drainage is by the Portal vein
• There are 3 main porto-caval anastomoses; at the oesophagus, umbilicus
and rectum areas
 THE COLON - RECTUM
• Arterial supply to the small intestines: arcades + vasa rectae
• Arterial supply to the large intestines: marginal arteries + vasa rectae
• The transvers colon is fixed by the mesocolon transversum
• The sigmoid colon is fixed by the mesocolon sigmoideum
• The rectum begins at S2 and located supertoneally; arterial supply is
by the inferior mesenteric + internal iliac arteries
• The rectum is divided into: pars rectalis & rectal canal
• The rectal canal has the rectal columns
• The rectal sphinter to close the anus: internal (autonomic) + external
(voluntary)
• Imperforated anus can happen
 THE VISCERAL INNERVATION
• Parasympathetic – vagus nerve to left tranverse
colon (cranial outflow); the rest by the sacral
outflow
• Sympathetic – splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser,
and least nerves)
• The splanchnic nerves pass through the
diaphragmatic cruss
• The formed autonomic plexuses; Coeliac,
Superior mesenteric, and Hypogastric
THANK YOU
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