THE ELEMENTS OF

COMMUNICATION
LESSON 2
Roman Jakobson

◦Russian philosopher and

linguist.

◦Proponent of the components

of communication.
Where did the communication go
wrong?
1. ADDRESSER/SPEAKER/ SENDER

FUNCTIONS : COGNITIVE

-Use of schemata or stock knowledge in analyzing,

organizing and evaluating ideas the speaker intends to
communicate to others.
2. ADRESSEE/ LISTENER/RECEIVER

FUNCTIONS : CONNOTATIVE

-Interpretation or understanding of the messages

of the addresser.
3. Message
◦ Function. : Poetic or Prosaic

◦ Verbal or non verbal, formal or informal, scientific

or artistic

◦ Speakers message depends on their choice of words

indicating their intentional or passive
communication.
 4. Context- the environment where
communication takes place.
◦ Function:
Referential by seeing the effect of different aspects:
◦ A. PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS-
Place,time,ventilations,lights,climate,facilities, size of the
speaking area and the likes
◦B. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS- attitudes, modes, feelings,
beliefs, values towards themselves and their audience.

◦C. HISTORICAL DATA- Previous experiences related to current

topic of the participants.

◦D. CULTURAL SETTING-Speakers lifestyle, thinking, beliefs,

attitudes, meanings, social roles, religious beliefs, eating habits or
style of dressing.
5. Code or Channel
◦Code- symbols, marks, signs, like letters or word to stand for
the ideas that the speakers want to transmit to the listeners.

◦Channel- method to transmit or send messages like email,

radio, TV, letter,telephone, cellphone print using airwaves and
sound waves.

◦Function : Metalingual
◦The term used to express The functions of the code.
6. Contact- to establish or connect thoughts And
feelings or participants in any communication
setting

◦ FUNCTIONS : Phatic

◦ Emotions or feelings
◦ Positive emotions or feelings are the key to an easy establishment
of contact.
◦ The responses, reactions or information provided by receiver.
7. FEEDBACK- the reactions, responses or
information provided by the receiver.
Stages of Communication Process
1.Conceptualizing

2. Encoding

3. Transmitting

4. Receiving

5. Decoding

6.Responding

7. Verifying
Communication Cycle
THINKING TIME