Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Discipline and Ideas

in the Applied
Social Sciences
Settings, Processes, Methods,
and Tools in Communication

Quarter 2
Module 4

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

1. To illustrate the different processes and methods involved
in undertaking communication
2. To distinguish the appropriate communication media
channel(s) to use in different settings and situations
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 EXPECTATIONS
You will understand the developments involved in communication
Specifically, this module will help you to
 identify the settings, process, methods and tools in communication
 to assess the suitability of a communication media channel(s) for different
types of settings, and purposes.
Let us start your journey in learning more. I am sure you are
ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Write check mark () if you agree and an x mark (×) if you disagree in
each statement indicated below. Use a separate sheet of paper.
_____ 1. The settings or the place affects the communication.

_____ 2. Message encoding is according to Plato.

_____ 3. The speaker is the only one that is vital for effective communication.

_____ 4. The use of technology is a modern way of communicating.

_____ 5. To understand the information, it does not need to decode the message.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!
Identification

To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to

accomplish this task. You may do the following.

Directions: Identify the following in each number. Choose whether it is Individual,

Organizational, Interpersonal, Channel, and Good Timing.

1. The type of communication that is highly contextual because it is an exchange of

information to a larger group of people with a goal.

2. The need of the individual, or a group as a receiver of the message that you have
passed the message to your listener successfully

3. This is the usual type of communication that if one person talks to another
person and there is an exchange of word.

4. It is a communication within an individual, inside of one individual

5. The need of the individual, or a group as a receiver of the message that you must
know the relevance of the subject matter of your listener.

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 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
There are times in our life that we do not understand other people, be it our
friends, family and loved ones. And in the same manner, they, too, experience the
same thing which resulted to conflict, struggle to associate with them and even
heart breaks. Why is this so? Is it comprehension? Or is there a misunderstanding
in your communication?

DISCUSSIONS
Lesson Settings, Process, Methods and
1 Tools in Communication

Communication plays a vital part in our harmonious relationship with

others. Communication is between you and other people that binds with the
messages for the both of you. It is important for you to know which plays your part:
as sender or receiver of the message or are you the one to encode or decode the
messages. To elaborate more on these let us take a deeper look on the inside of
communication.

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Source-Message-Channel-Receiver from Berlo – it does take the emotional
aspect of the message. A linear model involves an interrelated and interdependent
set of elements working together for a specific purpose.

SOURCE MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER

It is how the When the
An individual
It is the sender information message
converts his
that transfers flows from the reaches the
thoughts into
information sender to the receiver, he
words. And
thru receiver tries to
the process is
- through understand
called
Communicatio -Hearing what the
encoding
n skills -Tasting listener wants
through the
-Attitudes -Smelling to convey and
foundations of
-Knowledge -Touching then responds
-Content
-Social System -Seeing decodin accordingly,
encodin -Element
-Culture g This is known
g -Treatment
as decoding.
-Structure
-Code

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2. Message Encoding Model by Aristotle – puts the speaker in the central position
and suggests that the speaker is the one who drives the entire communication to
influence them and makes them respond and act accordingly.

SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

OCCASSION
N

3. Schramm Model of Communication - Information is put into words and conveyed

to others by converting the thought into content. The recipient’s responsibility is to
understand what the speaker intends to convey. Thus, encoding and decoding are
two of the most important factors of an effective communication between the
sender and the receiver. This model of communication suggests that the sender
and receiver’s field of experience contribute to effective communication. It means
that the more the participants in a communication situation share a common field
of experience, the higher the tendency of effective communication. (Naguit, et al.
2018)

Field of Field of
Eperience Eperience
Sender Receiver

Encoding Decoding

4. Helical Model of Communication - It is the process of communication moving

forward which also comes back and is largely dependent on the past behavior of
the individual. It is just like a spiral which moves forward as well as comes
backward. The past affects the changes in the present communication process.

SETTINGS IN COMMUNICATION
It is the physical surroundings of a communication event where the communication
occurs. This helps to know the audience and understand what they need to hear
and how they need to receive the information. Thus, knowing your place or where
you are communicating is an important factor in communication. The places where
communication occur mostly include: GOVERNMENT the place of government
activities, particularly for good governance. It carries out communication
functions and various communication tools at its clearance. PRIVATE
SECTOR refers to the business community. Communication for them is to
advertise that aims to make a profit from the services and goods they offer.
Emerging of their “corporate communication” is a special field of strategy in which

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a company adapts to create, communicate, and maintain business images among
its customers.
CIVIL SOCIETY includes various non-government organization, charities,
foundations, and alike that have advocacy on social justice. Communication in
this sense is defined by the mission and action chosen in civil society. SCHOOL is
an educational and social institution. Communication tends to be more formal and
academic. but for values as well to be respectful and diligent. COMMUNITY is
somehow non-formal because we are dealing with various type of people and
communication has its uniqueness.

METHODS IN COMMUNICATION
It consists of 1. verbal (sounds, language and tone of voice), 2. non-verbal (facial
expressions, posture, eye contact, hand movements, and touch), 3. written (email,
a memo, a report, a Facebook post, a Tweet, a contract, etc), 4. Listening (act of
listening and active listening), and visual (signs, illustrations, symbols, pictures
memes, videos, and images,

TOOLS IN COMMUNICATION
In includes all that we use in both communicating with others and interpreting the
information we have received from them. Such as but not limited to mail, email,
telephones, computers, internet, mobile phones, SMS/Text Messaging, video and
web conferencing, and social networking sites

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1 VENN DIAGRAM
Direction: Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast the SMCR Model and
the Schramm Model. Use separate sheet in answering.

SMCR MODEL SCHRAMM MODEL

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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.2 COMMUNICATION IN MY ENVIRONMENT
Direction: Answer the following using the table below. Use separate sheet.

What information you What communication Who are responsible for

usually receive from? media, tools, or activities organizing these
do they used? communications or who
is the one acting as
communicator?
Government (indicate
department)

Private Sector (indicate

name)

Civil Society (indicate

name)

Barangay (indicate name)

School (indicate name)

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.3 WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?
Directions: Explain how the desired effective communication can be achieved in
the scenario by answering the following questions. You may use any of the SMCR
Model, Aristotle Model, or Schramm Model of communication as diagram in
presenting your answer.
1. What information should be communicated?
2. Who should be the source of message?
3.What communication channels, media or activity should be done?
4. Who should be the receiver of the message?

SCENARIO: Locally stranded individuals due to pandemic that is camping out at

Manila Grandstand as they hope to be returned to their respective provinces.
SCENARIO: The different modalities in teaching for this “new normal” in education.

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 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Communication in the Society

Direction: State five situations or scenarios that shows the effect of

communication in our society and explain.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

.
REMEMBER
 There are different process of communication such as SMCR Model
according to Berlo, Aristotle model of communication, Schramm model of
communication and Helical model of communication in which the sender
and the receiver of the message plays vital role for effective communication

 There are different methods in communication that you must know; specific
communication tools are used to coincide in communicating.

 Consider the place where we are speaking; somehow, we can be judged by

others through our language because the place where we are talking may
affects our communication.

POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Message encoding model is according to
a. Plato c. Socrates
b. Aristotle d. None of the Above
2. This model of communication suggests that the sender and receiver’s field of
experience contribute to effective communication.
a. SMCR Model c. Schramm Model
b. Aristotle Model d. Helical Model

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 3. With the use of television and radio, we can transmit our message to many
a. Receiver c. Sender
b. Both A and C d. none of the above

4. The past that affects the changes in the present communication process.
a. SMCR Model c. Schramm Model
b. Aristotle Model d. Helical Model

5. It is a method of communication that includes the sounds, language and

tone of voice
a. Visual c. Non-Verbal
b. Verbal d. Writing

6. These shows the visual method in communication.

a. signs, illustrations, sounds c. signs, memes, illustrations
b. images, email, pictures d. All of the Above

7. It is a method of communication that includes a Facebook post.

a. Visual c. Non-Verbal
a. b. Verbal d. Writing

8. It is a method of communication that includes the posture and eye contact.

a. a. Visual c. Non-Verbal
b. Verbal d. Writing

9. These shows the listening method of communication.

a. Act of Listening c. Active Listening
b. Passive Listening d. A and D

10. The place that carries out communication functions and various
communication tools on good governance.
a. Government c. Private sector
b. Schools d. Community

EXPECTATIONS
You will understand the appropriateness of communication media in
different situations
Specifically, this module will help you to
 identify distinctive features of the most common media of mass communication
 recognize the appropriateness of mass medium for a specific purpose and
audience

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 PRETEST
Directions: Indicate whether the following statement are true or false

_____ 1. Most television and radio stations are commercially owned.

_____ 2. Television is an important communication for election campaign.

_____ 3. Mass media cater to sole entertainment.

_____ 4. There is a difference on mass media between now and then.

_____ 5. A good mass media shows no biases.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!
Matching

To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to

accomplish this task. You may do the following.

Directions: Match Column A to Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet

of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. it includes various non-government organization. A. SCHRAMM MODEL

2. The past that affects the changes in the present B. PRIVATE SECTOR
communication process.
3.Source-Message-Channel-Receiver Model is according C. BERLO
to.
4. The business community that aims to make a profit D. CIVIL SOCIETY
from the services and goods they offer through
advertisement.

5. This model of communication suggests that the E. HELICAL MODEL

sender and receiver’s field of experience contribute to
effective communication.

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 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
You heard it over radio, read it on newspaper, browsed over Facebook,
posted in the Instagram and watched at the television. From time to time, we are all
informed on the latest happening around the world, especially in this time of
crisis, the pandemic of COVID-19. Those different media channels that have been
our source of information even we are in the quarantine. But of course, the
appropriateness of these media channels on the audience, settings and purpose
must be highly consider.

DISCUSSIONS

Lesson Communication Media

2 Channels

The media used for communication can vary usually depending on the
nature, sensitivity, and importance of the message and the anticipated or desired
actions of the audience. Most organizations use multiple forms of communication
media, including oral, written, and electronic. Oral media typically include
telephone conversations, face to face conference, meetings and speeches. Written
media typically include letters, memos, and reports, newspaper, handbooks, and
manuals, bulletins and posters. Electronic media often include fax email video
conferencing. Different methods should be employed for different situations.
(Gulati, et.al, 2014)

MEDIA CHANNEL FEATURES

-Mass Media -Use of print technology

* Print Media (Newspaper) - Proximity. The story unfolds in that community

-Impact. Having an effect and influence to the

people.

-Prominence. It involves someone who is famous

-Conflict. Involves, war, political campaigns, politics

and the like

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 -Human Interest. Involves human condition or
appeals to the emotion.
-Broadcast Media

* Radio -May be commercial or government owned.

-Cost effective

-Low demand on literacy skills

-Portability

-Background medium

-Accessibility to the visually-challenge

* Television -Capacity to transmit pictures and sounds and to

do live

-Sense of intimacy and personal involvement

-Mostly commercial enterprise

-Medium for entertainment

-Main source of news and information

-Main channel of communication between

politicians and citizens.
-Other Mass Media

* Film - Independent cultural and entertainment industry

* Recorded Music -Dominates much of radio content and the auxiliary

use of mobile phones

-Recognized in social and political events.

-New Media -Interactivity

Ubiquity and de-locatedness

-Accessible to individual users as sender/receiver.

-Both medium for mass and personal

communication.

-Hyperextuality. Can connect one format to other

through hyperlinks

-Multimediality

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-Social Media -Social networking sites (Facbook, Twitter,
Instagram)

-Collaborative Projects (Wikepedia)

-Virtual games (World of Warcraft)

-Technologies (Blogs, Email, Instant Messaging,

Music-sharing, and crowdsourcing).

ACTIVITIES
Activity 2.1 “MEDIA-LYSIS”
Direction: An analysis on the different media channel. Look for three same news or
story on two different media channel and make an analysis according to the
suitability, content and delivery of it. You may use the format as your guide. Use
separate sheet.

News/Headline: Manila exceed target for public school enrollment

Media Channel Used: ABS CBN News (FB Page)
Analysis on the use of media channel content, and delivery: _____________________

News/Headline: Manila enrollment raise more than 25%

Media Channel Used: Philippine Daily Inquirer (Newspaper)
Analysis on the use of media channel content, and delivery:
______________________

ACTIVITIES
Activity 2.2 “IMAGINE IF”
Direction: Now that our economy is on its downside due to the crisis, imagine that
you are a tourism ambassador and amidst COVID-19 would like to regain our tag
line “It’s more fun in the Philippines”. Using your desired media channel, how
would you promote our country for tourism? Explain.
Ex: Using the newspaper by writing a feature article on a restriction and safe travel
on different scenic spots destination in Palawan.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 2.3 “SURVEY SAYS”
Direction: Conduct an informal survey among your family members or friends at
least 10) to find out the following: and make a narrative on the results.
a. What media channel are they usually source of information?
b. How often did they use it?
c. Reason/s of using their preferred media channel.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

with it
“NEWS-WORTHY”
Direction: Examine the different news for one day. List down five headlines of their
top stories, media channel used, and indicate why the story is newsworthy or
considered interesting and relevant enough to be published in the media.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
 Media channels are all those means of transmitting messages that involves
different medium.
 There are different media channels that goes along to the development from
written to the electronic.
 Media Channel consider the different situation, audience and its purpose

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 POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The “new media” contains the following

a. Interactivity, Hypertextuality c. Both A and B
b. Multimediality, collaborative d. None of the Above

2. Wikipedia is an example of
a. Social networking sites c. Collaborative projects
b. Content community d. None of the Above

3. Content community includes the

a. Facebook c. Twitter
b. Instagram d. You Tube

4. The following are the radio features EXCEPT

a. Cost effective c. Low Demand
b. None of Above d. Capacity to transmit pictures

5. Blogs, Email, Instant Messaging, Music-sharing, and crowdsourcing

a. Broadcast Media c. New Media
b. Social Media d. Other Mass Media
6. It uses the print technology
a. Radio c. Television
b. Recorded music d. Newspaper

7. Which media does radio and television belong.

a. Broadcast Media c. Other Mass Media
b. New Media d. Social Media

8. Film and recorded music is an example of

a. Broadcast Media c. Other Mass Media
b. New Media d. Social Media

9. Independent cultural and entertainment industry

a. Newspaper c. Radio
b. Film d. Television

10. Crowd sourcing can be found in.

a. Online Game c. Collaborative Projects
b. Technologies d. all of the above

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 REFERENCES
Books

Dela Cruz, A., Fernandez, C., Valdez, V. (2016). Discipline and Ideas in the Applied

Social Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

Gulati, R., Mayo, A., Nohria,N., (2014). Management, 1st Edition. CENGAGE
Learning

Naguit, J.,Gomez,R., Escasianas, J. The Padayon Series Discipline and Ideas in the

Applied Social Science for SHS. Manila: Mindshapers Co, Inc.

Online Sources
https://drexel.edu/goodwin/professional-studies-blog/overview/2018/July/Five-
types-of-communication/

https://www.scu.edu/mobi/business-courses/starting-a-business/session-8-
communication-tools/#:~:text=facilitate%20business%20communication.-
,Basic%20Communication%20Tools,online%20collaboration%20and%20productivit
y%20platforms.

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=sjcaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=communic
ation+media+channels&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjm95v9_tHqAhWKvZQKHQedC
ooQuwUwBHoECAYQCQ#v=onepage&q=communication%20media%20channels&f=
false

Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V
Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Amalia C. Solis
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID-LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editor/s: Fructuoso O. Salao / Hernani D. Patches Jr. (Content)

Joe D. Verzosa (Language)

Writer: Ana Maria J. Reyes

15
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________

School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: 2 Module No.4

MELC:
1. To illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking
communication
2. To distinguish the appropriate communication media channel(s) to use in
different settings and situations

Topic: Communication Processes and Media Channel

Journal Entry
We will look back at what we have covered, and we will synthesize your learnings
on those lessons.

Directions: Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this module by
completing the chart.
I thought...____________________________
What were your thoughts or ideas
_______________________________________
about the Communication Processes
_______________________________________
and Communication Media Channel
_______________________________________
prior to the discussion?

I learned that ..._______________________

_______________________________________
What new or additional ideas did you
_______________________________________
learn after taking up the lesson?
_______________________________________

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 ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1
PRETEST LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON POSTTEST

1.  1. Organizational 1. B
2. × 2. Channel 2. C
3. × 3. Individual 3. A
4.  4. Interpersonal 4. D
5. × 5. Good Timing 5. B
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. A

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ANSWER KEY

Lesson 2
PRETEST LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON POSTTEST

1. False 1. D 1. A
2. E 2. C
2. True
3. C 3. D
3. False
4. B 4. B
4. True
5. A 5. D
5. True
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. B

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