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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Discipline and Ideas

in the Applied
Social Sciences
Professionals and Practitioners
in Counseling

Week 2
Module 2
Most Essential Learning Competency:
• Discuss Roles and Functions of Counselors
• Identify specific work areas in which Counselors Work
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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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Lesson
Roles and Functions of
1 Counselors

EXPECTATIONS

You will discuss roles and functions of counselors.

Specifically, this module will help you to
• Explain the importance of each roles of counselors in different setting, such as
the industrial, educational and clinical setting.
• Define and explain the functions of counselors in the society.

Let us start your journey in learning more on Ethnocentrism

and Cultural Relativism. I am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Counselors take an active role in counseling groups and individuals to
address developmental tasks and issues confronting them in the 21st
century. What is the role?
A. Developmental classroom C. Providers of individual and
specialist group services
B. Leaders and advocates of D. Career development
academic success specialists

2. In order to address the learning needs of diverse groups, counselors prepare

modules and deliver talks like anxiety, resiliency, stress management and
others.
A. School and community C. School and Community
collaboration collaboration specialists
B. Leaders and advocates of D. Advocates of students
academic success with special needs and
students-at-risk.

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3. Which of the following does follow “School and Community Collaboration”?

A. Allowing yourself to be counselled means that you have a problem
only in the school and have issues in academic success, that is only
concern with the school
B. Counselors’ ensures learner’s holistic development and success
through barangay, teacher and parent coordination
C. A counselor’s job is in only to see counseling as its objective and final
approach to student improvement
D. The school is an independent institution, it does not need help from
other schools in improving learner-community engagement.

4. Their functions are no longer limited to the academic success of students,

but they also provide activities that prepare and promote students’ career
success. What function of a counselor is this?
A. Leaders and advocates of academic success
B. Providers of individual and group services
C. Developmental classroom specialists
D. Career development specialists

5. One of their roles is to help students identify barrier to academic success

like peer pressure, family situations, or personal relationship issues. What
function of a counselor is this?
A. School and community collaboration specialists
B. Leaders and advocates of academic success
C. Developmental classroom specialists
D. Career development specialists

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

“Let’s Go Back”

To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to

accomplish this task.

Directions: Below are some questions. Answer on the space provided.

1. Why is it important for counselors to know and understand their personal

values?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the essence of understanding that each person is inherently good?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is it that effective counselors do not give advice?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
As we determine complex problems in the school, especially in this pandemic
times, the roles and functions of counselors in educational institutions are tested
and challenges. Their predefined roles and functions in the educational system
makes their profession ever more needed and recognized as they help and assist
our learners during these pandemic times.

DISCUSSIONS
Roles and Functions of Counselors

Counseling is an intimate form of learning, it

demands a practitioner who is willing to be an
authentic person in the counseling/therapeutic
relationship (Corey, 2015). It involves the person to
be immersed in someone else life, and be able to give
an authentic support and understanding, especially
in the school and clinical setting. Much in our
country’s setting, where we have a young population.
Counselors faced a daunting task to understand this
current population.
And even in the pandemic setting, counselors are
defined by the roles and functions that they do, both in the clinical and school
setting; and mostly appreciated on the outcome that they produced for the benefit
of their clients. Counselors have the duty to their clients, especially if they come
seeking comfort and care, counselors’ roles become more of a responsibility to their
clients.
When counselors counsel, wounds are opened, feelings will be explored and
perception and growth will be secured as the counselor and client journey to
wellness and back to functionality in society (Corey, 2015).

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Roles of Counselors
Here in the Philippines, Counseling is a
profession (R.A. 9258 also known as the
Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004) that
allows you to help others manage their
responses to life’s challenges (Cleofe et al.,
2015). It is more just listening, its “active
listening”; its more emphatic, it’s caring; the
relationship of client and therapist/counselor
are guided by rules and regulations (Code of
Ethics, R.A. 9258) so as to protect not only
the Counselors, but also the rights of clients.
And as the counseling profession evolves, so
do their roles and functions to adapt in the
changing times, to response to various
changes such as, economic, social and
technological. And this changes also affects
clients. Most especially in the academic or
school setting, the role of a counselor is important in the school to assist students
in their academic well-being (Cleofe et al, 2015). Some examples of these are the
increasing number of students whose parents that are overseas workers; the better
facilitation of students’ learning by addressing their behavioral concerns; progress
in knowledge and use of technology in the classroom; and cultural diversity in the
classrooms by having students from either different regions in the country or
different countries. Given this situation, the guidance counselors are considered
important members of the educational team. They provide assistance to students’
academic pursuit, socio-economic need, career plans and moral development. In
this way, the guidance and counseling program ensures that students are able to
cope well with their circumstances. This results in nurturing students who shall be
responsible and productive members of society.
Functions of Counselors

Erford (2014) emphasized that professional school counselors do not take

rigid and static set of functions in the educational system. This means that
professional counselors perform their roles in a continuous state of transformation
in response to the current challenges. Therefore, professional counselors function
as follows:
1. Providers of individual and group counseling services. School
counselors take an active role in counseling groups or individuals. In a school
setting, professional counselors are equipped not only in helping individuals
understand themselves, but also in providing correct evaluation of either behavioral
or clinical problems a student may have.
2. Developmental classroom guidance specialists. Professional counselors
also prepare lessons and implement guidance instructions to students. These are
executed by developing clear and measurable objectives to meet the needs of the
students. To meet these objectives, professional counselors deliver talks, seminars,
workshop, and other interesting activities. Lastly, professional counselors improve

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their programs and mode of instruction through consistent feedback and
evaluation.
3. Leaders and advocates of academic success. Professional school
counselors have an ethical responsibility of promoting academic success by helping
students identify barriers affecting school performance. These barriers may be
personal (example: living with an absentee or separated parents); socio-emotional
(ex. peer pressure); moral dilemmas (ex. failing an exam or cheating to pass an
exam), or career-related barriers (ex. indecisiveness about a course in college).
Professional counselors guide the students by identifying strategies so they can
positively cope with these challenges and see these challenges as opportunities for
growth.
4. Career development specialists. Professional counselors also provide
activities that will prepare students for the demands and requirements of their
chosen profession. These activities include formal writing of resumes, having
proper responses to job interviews and knowing appropriate clothing for job
applications. Furthermore, to ensure proper coping and success in the workplace,
professional counselors help students develop essential, basic skills such as
effective communication, creativity, decision-making, critical thinking, and work
ethics.
5. Agents of diversity and multiculturalism. Professional school
counselors are trained to deal with and address the needs of people from different
cultural backgrounds. For example, because of the ASEAN Integration foreign
students study in our country; counselors may provide assistance to these foreign
students through activities that allow interaction with Filipino students, aimed at
helping them cope with their new environment. At the same time, the counselor will
also carry out a program for the Filipino students, aimed at helping them
demonstrate hospitality, respect, and understanding for their foreign classmates.
6. Advocates of students with special
needs and students-at-risk. Professional
counselors give attention to students with
special needs-such as the athletes, honor
students, students with absentee parents, those
with learning disabilities and other clinically
diagnosed students. They are special groups
who need additional assistance to help them
cope better-by providing comprehensive
assessment programs to better understand and
address their special needs. For example,
students with absentee parents might have stronger
needs-in comparison with students whose parents are always around-for social and
emotional support. With this, the counselor may help them become engaged in
extracurricular activities or he or she could even organize a symposium that will
help them become more adjusted with their situation. With professional counselors
also concerned with the promotion of mental health, they could also organize
activities that will help students understand depression, anxiety, phobia or
addiction

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7. Advocates of a safe school environment. Conflicts, which may lead to
violence, happen in some school communities. For instance, there are issues on
bullying-physical, verbal, cyber, psychological, etc. nowadays. Hence, a
comprehensive school counseling program with intervention components such as
school bullying campaign and peer and mentoring can address this issue.

8. School and community collaboration

specialists. To ensure student’s holistic
development and success, professional school
counselors work in collaboration with the other
school authorities and with the parents of the
students. For example, they cooperate with
teachers to better assist students with learning
difficulties or behavioral problems. At times, school
counselors are tasked to prepare seminar to
facilitate teachers’ better understanding of the
personality dynamics of students. Though
conferences, counselors collaborate with the
parents to best facilitate and promote excellent
academic performance of the students.
Finally, counselors also collaborate with the
mental health practitioners when a student needs referral. For example, those with
depression may experience hormonal imbalance resulting in depressive moods. To
provide proper response to the circumstance, the professional help of a psychiatrist
or a clinical psychologist is needed.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Situational Analysis
Objective: Determine the Roles and Functions of a counselor in given situations
Directions:
1. Identify what role and function is or not portrayed in given situations.
2. Provide the role and functions for each given situation. Provide explanation.
3. Answer the follow-up critical thinking questions.

Situation 1
Counselor Manabat only sees that students who have financial capacity, deserve to
go to better schools. So he organizes career orientation for students who are in
middle class. He organizes a different career orientation for the others who cannot
afford.
Roles and Function: _____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________

Situation 2
For Counselor Domingo, the LGBTQ+ community and students who have
multicultural backgrounds are all accepted in a Catholic school. So counselor
Domingo provided a seminar for all the incoming grade 11 and 12 students in the
school.
Roles and Function: _____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Situation 3
The school is having a crisis of academic performance for grades 11 and 12
students. Their school is having a NAT next month. The principal tapped the
services of Guidance Counselor Morales for the students’ improvement and
development. Ms. Morales requested a meeting of both the parents, teachers and
other related parties to discuss some academic interventions and rehabilitation
measures to promote development of the learners.
Roles and Function: _____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. Do you think that when counselors are also determining academic success,
it goes beyond their roles and functions? Should it only be within the
expected boundaries of counseling? Defend your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Is counseling strictly for students who have behavioral problems? Should

relationship problems in school count as an aspect to consider in
counseling? Defend your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think multiculturalism is a challenge for counselors and

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4. educators alike, especially in achieving academic and career orientation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Can you trust a counselor especially when discussing some of your problems
in your family? Why? Why not? Give your explanation.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6. Why do you think counseling should be a professional one, given that even
teachers can also counsel and give advice? Do you think teachers are also
good counselors? Defend your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.2. Role-Play

Objective: Execute some of the roles and functions counselors experience in their
previous or current institution. You can be the counselor and perform some of the
functions of the counselor.

Career Development Specialists = As a counselor I __________________

____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

Advocates of Students with special needs = As a counselor I __________________

and students at risk ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

Providers of Individual and Group = As a counselor I __________________

Counseling ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________

Agents of diversity and multiculturalism = As a counselor I __________________

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

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ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.3. A Picture of a Counselor
Objective: Creating an overview of what a counselor does as an agent and partner
in change and development of students through creative collage and data gathering
of experience of counselors.
Directions:
1.Research on what counselors actually do inside the school. Gather as many
you can. You can ask your school counselors, or you may look it up on the
internet.
2. Express the collected data through the cut-out or drawn photographs and
place them within the case. You may want to follow this format

Picture

Guidance
Picture Counselo Picture
r

Picture

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What did you discover after gathering your data? __________________________

2. Which do you think is the most challenging for a counselor? Which do you
think is the least?
___________________________________________________________________

3. As a Filipino, what practices or values can you learn from your guidance
counselor? How will you promote these values and practices?
_________________________________________________________________________

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

The Challenges of a Counselor

We cannot deny the role of guidance counselor as a valuable asset in helping
the students grow and improve. In this task, you are requested to write some of the

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encounters that you have with the counselor. It does not matter how many times,
but it counts that every encounter that you have, you have felt his/her important
role and function.
Directions: Think of some instance that you have personally encountered or if you
will encounter your guidance counselor. You can present these observations
through a semantic web. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

My Personal
Encounters a
Guidance
Counselor

REMEMBER

• The roles and functions of counselors have an impact not only in the
developing and enriching policies in the institution, but extends its reach to
the community (barangays) and the society.
• Their important roles extend not only on the learner’s realm of academic
achievement, but also tackles the emotional boundaries of the learner, as
this also affect the holistic development of the learner
• Counselors are also allied with mental health practitioners such as clinical
psychologists and psychiatrists in assessing the needs and problems of the
learner. They are a great asset in helping the counselor to efficiently help a
learner succeed in life.

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POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a function of guidance counselor in the school?
A. Alan was rejected by the counselor because he was a Negro coming
from the rural area of Maguindanao. The guidance counselor only
accepts Catholics with white and fair complexion.
B. Mrs. Bautista is delivering a speech on multicultural acceptance in
their Career Fair. She emphasizes the value that everyone should be
accepted based on their qualified skills and capabilities as companies’
judge them to that extent.
C. Counselor Jona demanded an apology letter from the bullying student
Mark. She also filed expulsion of the student and even broadcasted in
her twitter the misdeed of the student. It is the school policy that
bullying has no place in a civilized society.
D. Being cultural means that must adhere to our own culture. We must
reject some cultures that is not good in the society or impedes the
development of the society.
2. School counselors take an active role in counseling may it be one or more
individuals in the process.
A. Advocates of group and individual counseling.
B. Advocates of students with special needs
C. Advocates of safe environment.
D. Advocates of cultural action.
3. Which of the following does not belong to the group, with regards to the
functions of a counselor?
A. Rejecting a student with special needs and advising to enroll into a
school that focuses with special needs.
B. Provides a comprehensive school counseling program for students
who bully and have bullied.
C. Filing a police report for a student that have done sexual harassment
D. Helping a student to apply for a job.
4. Counselors collaborate with mental health practitioners when a student
needs referral. The statement concludes that…
A. …school officials also need help especially if they accept students with
learning disabilities.
B. …counselors are helpless when it comes to behavioral problems of the
child and needs more specialized people in handling it.
C. …the collaboration of both private and public sector defines no
boundaries, especially if we are addressing the needs of the student.
D. …sometimes we do not tolerate incompetence and therefore we allow
specialized people in handling specialized problems.
5. Which of the following is an example of diversity and multiculturalism in the
list of the counselor?
A. Organization of Middle-Income Learners only Tutorial Service

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B. Singaporean School for the Gifted and Elite
C. Only Black People Movement
D. ASEAN Integration

Lesson
Specific work areas in which
2 Counselors Work

EXPECTATIONS

You will discuss specific work areas in which Counselors Work

Specifically, this module will help you to
• Determine and explain some important work areas of counselors in different
setting, such as the industrial, educational and clinical setting.
• Value the importance of their work areas as they are essential agents of
development, especially in the aspect of human improvement in the society

Let us start your journey in learning more on Ethnocentrism

and Cultural Relativism. I am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

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PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Guidance and Counseling in elementary is ____.
A. Behavioral c. cognitive
B. Career planning d. emotional

2. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

A. Counselors in rehabilitation facilities, usually employ training
seminars and case management services for drug dependents and
other physically disabled individuals
B. Vocational counselors can also be mental health practitioners, they
can prescribe medicines if needed.
C. Marriage counselors focus more on the legal aspect of family and
marriage.
D. Guidance counselors have no background in psychology

3. Mostly school counseling is done ____.

A. …inside the institution between only the counselor and counselee
B. …with the presence of police authorities
C. …inside the home of students
D. …with friends and peers

4. Which of the following is a part of marriage and family counseling?

A. Pastors and Church leaders cannot counsel marriage and family due
to religious differences
B. Taking custody of off-springs
C. Resolving marital disputes
D. Drug rehabilitation

5. Counselors take an active role in counseling groups and individuals to

address developmental tasks and issues confronting them in the 21st
century.
A. True c. Maybe
B. False d. Cannot determine

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LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

“Where do I belong?”
To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to
accomplish this task.

Directions: Below are some situational problems or topics that a counselor

face every day. Your task is to find what role or function should they perform in
given situations. As an added task on the activity, write whether the function or
role is done on what setting; you may choose clinical, industrial or
school/educational setting. Provide your answer on the space provided.

Situational Problem Role/Function Setting

1. Typhoon Haiyan hit most of the Visayan
Regions. The PAP and DOH send some of
their doctors and guidance counselors on
the barangays and communities suffering
of trauma and stress.
2. Jona is having problem with her studies,
she is very stressed when answering her
math subject.
3. Teacher Melanie is having trouble
answering some of her students’ questions
about jobs and professions to choose.
4. Every year, different schools provide
entrance examinations, etc. for incoming
students in the college level.
5. Group of girls are always having trouble
because of their misdeed of spreading lies
and verbal bullying.
6. Counselor Moran is scheduled to talk
about the resolving and bringing love back
to Brgy. 78 Sapang Palay, Caloocan City.

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7. A group of Chinese foreigners are having
problem adjusting to the system of the
school, not only because the school is
catholic, the school also practices “po” and
“opo” in their school.
8. Margareth, had recently an accident,
rendering her half body paralyze. As a
counselor in the facility, you see in her eyes
sadness and demotivated to move on with
life.
9. Mary a mother of a 10 years old son with
ADHD, is seeking help on what’s best for
her son when it comes to education
10. Counselor Minerva is delivering a
seminar about sexual harassment in their
school.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The scale of counselors in discharging their duties and responsibilities is
sometimes limited on the work areas that they focus. Mostly sometimes these
overlapped with other mental health practitioners and educators, especially when
dealing with the student’s welfare. Nonetheless, their scope work covers a broad
area, and sometimes caters a lot of individual and groups so as to reach more and
people may avail to their services.

DISCUSSIONS
Areas of Specialization of Counselors
The scope of work a professional counselor covers a broad area. Some of the
role’s functions require specialization because counselors cater to the various
needs of an individual. Appropriate
counseling services are provided given an
identified need. Among the following are
some work areas which counselors delves
and specializes:

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1. School Counseling. School counselors help students at all levels to
understand and cope with social, behavioral, and personal problems. School or
education counselors emphasize preventive and developmental counseling to
enhance students’ personal, social, and academic growth and to provide
students with the life skills needed to deal with problems before they worsen.
School counselors often provide special services, including alcohol and drug
prevention programs, conflict resolution classes, vocational counseling, and
also try to identify cases of domestic abuse and other family problems that can
affect a student’s development. Counselors consult and collaborate with
parents, teachers, school administrators, school psychologists, medical
professionals, and social workers to develop and implement strategies to help
students succeed. School counselors help students evaluate their abilities,
interests, talents, and personalities to develop realistic academic and career
goals. Often, counselors work with students who have academic and social
development problems or other special needs.

2. Mental Health or Clinical

Counseling. Mental health counselors work
with individuals, families, and groups to
address and treat mental and emotional
disorders and to promote mental health. They
are trained in a variety of therapeutic
techniques used to address issues such as
depression, anxiety, addiction and substance
abuse, suicidal impulses, stress, trauma, low self-esteem, and grief. They also
help with job and career concerns, educational decisions, mental and
emotional health issues, and relationship problems. In addition, they may be
involved in community outreach, advocacy, and mediation activities. Some
specialize in delivering mental health services for the elderly. Mental health
counselors often work closely with other mental health specialists, such as
psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, psychiatric nurses, and
school counselors.

3. Rehabilitation Counseling. These counselors

provide counseling, guidance and case
management services to persons with
disabilities to assist them in achieving their
psychological, personal, social, and vocational

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goals. After conferring with the client’s physicians, psychologists, occupational
therapists, and the employer, a rehabilitation program is initiated. The
rehabilitation program may range from a week to several years depending on
the nature of the problem and the needs of the client. Rehabilitation counselors
are trained to recognize and to help lessen environmental and attitudinal
barriers. Such help may include providing education, and advocacy services to
individuals, families, employers, and others in the community. Rehabilitation
counselors work toward increasing the person’s capacity to live independently
by facilitating and coordinating with other service providers.

4. Vocational Counselors or career

counselors help individuals and groups with
career, personal goals, social and
educational counseling. Many times,
counselors in this field work with individuals
who feel unsatisfied with their career
choices, but who are afraid to make changes
because of emotional issues or family or financial constraints. This type of
counselor can work with people of all ages, from adolescents who want to
explore career options to professionals who want to make career changes.
Career counselors typically have a background in vocational, industrial, or
organizational psychology.

5. Industrial Counseling. Counselors may also specialize in the industrial

setting, where they could provide workplace counseling to respond to the
concern of the employees. Aside from counseling, they are also tapped in other
areas like training or professional development service or in other activities to
help the employees develop soft skills.

6. Marriage and Family Counseling. A

marriage counselor is an unbiased third
party who can help couples resolve
marital problems. Distressed couples
seek the help of a marriage counselor
when they don’t want to divorce but
aren’t sure how to compromise on various issues. Some pastors, churches and
religious groups also require that couples consult a marriage counselor for a
specified period of time before they can be married in that particular religious
tradition. These professionals typically work full time. Some have their own
private practices and some work for health centers, religious organizations or

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in similar settings. To become a marriage counselor, you’ll need to earn a
master’s degree in psychology, marriage therapy, family therapy or a similarly
relevant discipline. You’ll also need to obtain a license. Licensure typically
requires clinical practice plus a passing grade on any exams required in your
state of intended practice.

7. Private Practice. Counselors may have their own wellness center or private
clinic. The clinic can accommodate children and/or adults, depending on the
counselor’s specialization. For Example, a child diagnosed with social anxiety
disorder may seek help or psychotherapy during weekends, as a follow-up or
support program to the counseling sessions he or she receives from the school
on weekdays.

8. Community Counseling. It is provided to members of the society who

encounter difficulties in the community setting. Counselors who work in the
community setting are usually adept in the community’s background, culture,
or practices. They help the members of the community improve their
relationship with each other. Moreover, they are in charge of helping people
adjust and understand their community better to minimize issues.

Career Opportunities for Professional Counselors

Every area of specialization of counselors equates to a particular service targeting
a particular section of the society. It was design that way as to focus more on the
society’s problem. And as every decade or even years pass, the society changes it
becomes complex and their problem also becomes complex. And this provides
opportunities for the next generation, our student who wish invest their future in
helping the society, choices to choose from. There are so many schools that are
providing career opportunities especially if you are already a counselor and wish to
practice your field of endeavor, these are the available areas in which you can
practice or focus on.

1. Elementary and High School

Counselors. Counselors can choose to
be inside of the educational system
spending their in improving student’s
academic and holistic performance, up
until their graduation of the
developmental years, given that in the
public school system, there is a shortage
of counselors (Tan, 2009). Counselors working in the elementary and high school
levels usually deal with preschool pupils to grades 1 to 12 students. They provide
individual and group counseling as well as homeroom guidance sessions to
support the academic, social-emotional and personal development of the learners.

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They also provide career tests and psychological tests to assess the students’
strengths and weaknesses. Results of psychological tests and other gathered data
(those from interview with students, for instance) are utilized as bases for
improving the guidance program and services.

2. College Counselors. These counselors

are focus on the different psychological
and problem needs of students in the
tertiary level. Students taking the tertiary
level, also undergo a lot of stress, brought
by the demands and requirements of
college life; not to mention that the degree
of stress varies from course to course.
Counselors are also tasked to implement comprehensive guidance programs.
These includes providing seminars for job hunting skills, how to ace job interviews
and other activities relevant to the student’s development after graduation. They
also collaborate with administrators, students, professors and other party
stakeholders in strengthening their guidance programs and services to further
support and develop the students’ performance.

3. Teaching in the Academe. Counselors also have the chance to teach in the
academe. They have the opportunity to share their experiences, as well as, their
expertise in the field of counseling and psychology. Usually the people are also
practicing counselors. It’s a versatile asset for any professor or educator to
practice and teach at the same time. It is an ideal desirable attraction for high
school and college students alike. Many schools are hiring practicing
professionals, because of their years of practical experiences and expertise.

4. Workshop Facilitator. Guidance counselors are equipped with competencies

that address the needs of diverse groups through facilitation of seminars and
workshops. They can provide activities to address issues such as mental health,
career development, adolescents’ risky behaviors, resiliency, soft skills, or any
other topic concerning psychological conditions of individuals.

5. Career Counselors. Through career counseling and career coaching,

counselors provide opportunities and skills seminar for college students to be
more adept, flexible and ready to face the world of profession. May this be their
first entry job, or transitional job, the focus of counselors is to help student

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prepare themselves on the demands of the industry. Through seminars and
training soft skills in answering the interviews, they mark students with the ability
to cope and be flexible on the industrial demands.

6. Substance Abuse Counselors. These counselors usually work hand in hand

with social workers and the like. Usually in rehabilitation facilities and centers,
they trained people and provide mental health seminars, life seminars and health
substance seminars, to understand how these drugs and other substance abuse
affect their way of life and how they can overcome and prevent the same problem.
Their academic training and preparation helped them to develop programs and
interventions that will address the physical and psychological well-being of clients.

7. Researcher. They are also researchers, conducting

experimental based-outcomes, problem based
research, etc. They also identify the most effective
activities that will improve the conditions of certain
individuals. They are in charge of the program
evaluation and development to further promote the
cognitive, socio-emotional, and moral-spiritual well-
being of individuals.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 2.1. A Profession for every situation
Objective: Determine the area scope of counselors that is suited for each needed
sector in the society during the pandemic crisis
Directions:
1. Identify which area of specialization of counselors is suited for every
situation or focus area presented.
2. Answer on the space provided.
Focus Area Area of Specialization
1. Depressed quarantined soldiers
2. Kylie was diagnosed having post-
partum depression

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3. Action research on online gaming in
Public Schools
4. Children mourns that death of their
mother in Quezon city
5. Constant fighting of parent in the
house
6. Suicidal thought of Angelou
Marasigan
7. The grade 10 student of Miguel
Malvar High School are having
difficulty of what school to go to in the
SHS.
8. Drug dependents of Bilibid Prison
9. Ana was sexually harassed by her
boss Sir. Alvin
10. Brgy 112. of Quezon City was on
lockdown for 14 days, due to the rising
cases of COVID 19 in the community

ACTIVITIES
Activity 2.2. Situation vs Professions
Objective: Determine the area scope of counselors that is aligned to their work
which is crucial in the society during the pandemic crisis
Directions:
1. Match the area of specialization to the describe field of work they do.
2. Provide an example in which you think this could help in the society
3. Answer on the space provided.
Area of Description What? Situational
Specialization Example
1. Mental Health Career counselors who help individuals

Counseling enrich their careers in the industrial

setting. They specialized in providing

seminars in decision-making etc.

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2. School Counseling They have their own wellness clinics in

which they invite or people seek

consultation privately about their

problems

3. Vocational This is in the educational setting in

Counseling which they partner themselves in the

institution helping students to grow

their potential, academic, etc.

4. Community Counselors who address and treat

Counseling mental and emotional disorders,

similar to psychologists and

psychiatrist, they ensure psychological

wellbeing of the individual

5. Private Counseling Found in the community in which they

are partners of the barangay in helping

to understand the community’s

background, culture etc.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: What do you want when you grow-up? Below is a reflective essay
indicating your plans for the next year to come. You only have 2 years in the Senior
High School, so you must count most of it especially when you are choosing what
matters to you the most. Your career, your life ahead. Write your name and
signature after the essay.

_____________________________
Title of your Reflective Essay
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________
Name and Signature

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REMEMBER
 Areas of Specialization for counselors differ in terms of their focus and needs
of the society. It may depend on what the services is needed or it may vary
on what people are being served.
 Most school counselors tend to the community within educational
institutions. The needs of each grade level are specific for the learner to
ascend at each level. Client desires are also changing, and counselors are
pressured to fulfill these changing demands.
 Clinical and Rehabilitation counselors are more likely similar to psychologists
and psychiatrists work, but more in-depth with counseling the individual.
The tasks ranges from emotional to cognitive problems. They employ therapy
techniques to address these issues
 Vocational and Industrial counselors delve themselves more on the corporate
world, rendering service to employees’ capacity and performance. These
includes organizing teambuilding, counseling employees’, determining skills
to acquire and recruitment functions.
 Marriage and Family counselors must always adhere to the laws of the
constitution in conducting counseling marriage and family. Their jobs mostly
include resolving issues, empowering the coordination and acceptance of
both different parties and bringing back vows for the sake of the family and
their children.
 Most counselors often choose to private practitioners. This allows them to be
flexible and dynamic of the needs of society. May it be, drug rehabilitation to
marriage counseling, their private practice provides an opportunity for them
explore different approaches to the problem and focus of the problem.
 Career Opportunities ranges from educational, clinical and industrial setting.
They can practice at the same time teach in the academe. Their practice may
range from corporate world or hospitals and rehabilitation centers.

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POST TEST

Direction: Answer the following exercises. Write your answer on the separate
sheet.
1. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Counselors must always determine first their population and problem
before providing services
B. Counselors do not use psychometrics in determining problems of
individuals
C. Counselors are dual-relational counselors
D. Counselors are pre-med students

2. Career development specialist is a function or counselor in the setting of ___.

A. Clinical C. Industrial
B. Educational D. none of the above

3. Guidance and counseling offices in the elementary schools mostly deal with
problems that are ___ in nature.
A. Relational C. industrial
B. Academic D. governmental

4. Which is not true about counseling?

A. It caters mostly people with mental disabilities
B. It is most provided in the clinical setting
C. It most given to groups of people
D. It is a helping profession

5. Guidance and counseling in college is mostly ___.

A. Behavioral C. Academic Performance and Career planning
B. Career planning D. Relational and Marriage

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REFERENCES
Online Sources

https://quizlet.com/233806095/lesson-32-areas-of-specialization-where-counselors-work-
flash-cards/

https://www.counselingdegree.com/10-most-common-counseling-specialties/

Books:

Cleofe, Myreen P., Liquigan Boots C., Maadrigal, Christopher L. (2016).

Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. pp. 16-48

Corey, Gerald. (2015) Counseling and Psychotherapy. Theory and Practice.

Erford, Bradley T. Transforming the School Counseling Profession. USA: John

Wiley and Sons Inc., 2014

Erford, Bradley T., Susan T. Eaves, Emily M. Bryant, and Katherine A.

Young. 35 Techniques Every Counselor Should Know. New Jersey: Pearson
Education Inc. 2010

THESES/JOURNALS:

Tan, Christine Joy College Choice in the Philippines. University of Texas 2009

Acknowledgements

Writers: Hernani D. Patches Jr.

Editor: Amalia C. Solis - EPS
Reviewers: Fructuoso O. Salao / Hernani D. Patches Jr.(Content)
John Paulo Herrera (Language)
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: 1 Module No.: 2 Week No.: 2

Roles and Functions of Counselors

Directions: Do you know very well your counselor? In this activity, you are tasked
to interview your counselor about his/her roles and functions in your school. Write
a summary report of your interview with your counselor on the space provided.
Don’t forget to determine ahead your objective questions. You may devise open-
ended questions but, with clarity and respect. Write your summary report on the
space provided.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: 1 Module No.: 2 Week No.: 2

Specific Work Areas in which Counselors

Directions: On the space provided, make a Web diagram of famous guidance

counselors in the Philippines. Don’t forget to include their area of expertise and in
what settings they dwell. You may visit the PAP or PGCA website to know more
about our psychologists and counselors in the Philippines. Write a small
description for each counselor. Choose only one read about his/her life as a
counselor. You may the refer diagram below for your guidance.

Brief History

Area of Specialization

Achievements

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ANSWER KEY
Lesson 1 Lesson 2

PRETEST POSTTEST PRETEST POSTTEST

1. A 1. B 1. A 1. A
2. D 2. A 2. D 2. C
3. B 3. A 3. A 3. A
4. D 4. C 4. C 4. D
5. A 5. D 5. A 5. C

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