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Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Science

Quarter 3 – Module 2
Professionals and Practitioners in Guidance and Counseling:
Roles and Responsibilities

Locally Developed Self-Learning Material

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Discipline & Ideas in Applied Social Science – Grade 11

Locally Developed Self-Learning Material
Quarter 3 – Module 3
Lesson 1: Roles and Functions of Counselors
Lesson 2: Specific Work Areas in which Counselors Work

Development Team of the Module

Key-Teacher Writer: Jacqueline Joy A. Lising

Editors/Reviewers: Marciano P. Melchor Jr.

Mercedita S. Fernandez
Edwina S. Espiritu
Corazon B. Dumlao

Cover Illustrator: Gamaliel R. Paz Jr.

Management Team: Leilani S. Cunanan, CESO V

Maylene M. Minimo, EdD, CESE
Ariel C. Lansang
Jose C. Tala, EdD
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Lesson
1Roles and Functions of Counselors

What I Need to Know

The module consists of:

 Lesson 1- Roles and Functions of Counselors
Discuss roles and functions of counselors
MELCs Code: (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-6)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the roles and functions of counselors.

What I Know (Pre-Test)

Directions: True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is false. Use a separate answer
sheet in answering.

____1. Counselling is a process and a relationship between the client and the counsellor.
____2. A guidance counsellor is someone who should be registered and licensed by a legitimate state and has
specialized training to be one.
____3. One of the roles of the counsellor is to assist the client in realizing change in behavior and attitude.
____4. The guidance counsellor’s functions include the use of approaches to help client develop potentials to the
fullest.
____5. A counsellor can have several roles.
____6. Counselling is always long-term.
____7. Counselling is something new and recent.
____8. Your teacher cannot be your guidance counsellor.
____9. Only people with mental and emotional problems need the help of a counsellor.
____10. A counselor administers a shorter range of services.
____11. One of the foundational skills of a counsellor is his/her attending and listening skills.
____12. A counsellor needs to be able to resolve conflict.
____13. A counsellor needs to be able to differentiate between symptoms and the problem itself.
____14. One of the key skills for a counsellor is reflective skills.
____15. A counsellor should be able to facilitate going deeper into the problem, asking more leading questions.

What’s In
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In the previous module, you have developed a comprehensive definition of counselling as an applied
science. You understood the principles of counseling and the contexts involved in it. We had clarified how the
different factors contribute to the successful counseling, discussed the core values of counseling and the principles
and determined the life situations that are within the goals and scope of professional counseling.

What’s New

As previously discussed in the previous module, counseling is a process and relationship between the
client(s) and counselor. In this lesson, you will learn about the professionals and the practitioners in the discipline of
counseling.
Directions: In three to five sentences, who do you think are the professionals and the practitioners in the discipline of
counseling? Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Defining the Roles, Functions and Competencies of Counselors

There are many roles, functions and competencies a guidance counselor possess. These concepts
somehow overlap and apply to almost all kinds of counselling context but not uniformly. Much of the literature
revolves around helping, helping relationships and ‘helping skills’ (Carkoff, 2000 et.al). These roles, functions and
competencies ultimately are practiced in order to help other people.

Roles of Guidance Counselors

Image Reference: http://i.ytimg.com

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In the Western world, counseling in schools began in the early twentieth century, focused mainly on
preparing students for the workforce. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, guidance counselors became more
prevalent. In the beginning, many teachers doubled as guidance counselors; however, this is no longer the case. In
the 1960s, counseling in public schools was afforded more funding, allowing the vocation to flourish. The profession
expanded beyond the focus on academic and career achievement.
Given that the youth are the future of every nation, the role of providing guidance at critical moments of
growth is a serious nation-building undertaking. Counseling is a process and a relationship between the client(s) and
counselor.
 The role of the guidance counselor is to assist the person or persons (clients) in realizing change in
behavior or attitude, to assist them to seek achievement of goals, assist them to find help.
 In some cases, the role of counselors includes teaching social skills, effective communication, spiritual
guidance, decision-making and career choices.
 A counselor’s role may sometimes include aiding one in coping with a crisis such as premarital and marital
problems, grief and loss (divorce, death or amputation), domestic violence and other types of abuse. Special
counseling may include assistance in situations like terminal illness (death and dying and counseling of
emotionally and mentally disturbed individuals.
 Counseling can be short-term or long-term.

Functions of Guidance Counselors

Image Reference: https://study.com/high_school_counselor.html

According to Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 (Section 2 to 3) a guidance counselor is a natural person who
has been professionally registered and licensed by a legitimate state entity and by virtue of specialized training to
perform the functions of guidance and counseling.

He or she must be a qualified and licensed guidance counselor at master's level. It is a profession, not a
field. This is the only profession whose primary purpose is counseling; wellness and strength-based approach to
treatment; wellness model rather than medical model.

The functions of a guidance counselor include:

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1. helping a client develop potentials to the fullest;

2. helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest;
3. helping a client plan his or her future in accordance with his or her abilities, interests, and needs;
4. sharing and applying knowledge related to counseling such as counseling theories, tools and techniques; and
5. administering a wide range of human development services.

Competencies of Counselors (McLeod, 2003)

1. Interpersonal Skills – counselors who are competent display ability to listen, communicate; empathize; be present;
aware of nonverbal communication; sensitive to voice quality, responsive to expressions of emotion, turn-taking,
structure of time and use of language.
2. Personal beliefs and Attitude - counselors have the capacity to accept others, belief in potential of change,
awareness of ethical and moral choices and sensitive to values held by client and self.
3. Conceptual ability – counselors have the ability to understand and assess client’s problem; to anticipate future
problems; make sense of immediate process in terms of wider conceptual scheme to remember information about
the client.
4. Personal Soundness – counselors must have no irrational beliefs that are destructive to counseling relationships,
self-confidence, capacity to tolerate strong of uncomfortable feelings in relation to the clients, secure personal
boundaries, ability to be a client; must carry no social prejudice, ethnocentrism and authoritarianism.
5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a knowledge of when and how to carry out specific interventions,
ability to assess effectiveness of the interventions, understanding the rationale behind techniques, possession of
wide repertoire of intervention
6. Ability to understand and work within social system – this would be compromise of awareness of family and work
relationships of client the impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use support networks and supervision;
sensitivity to client from different gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or age group.
7. Openness to learning and inquiry – counselors must have the capacity to be curious about client’s backgrounds
and problems; being open to new knowledge

Key Skills of Counselors

1. Attending and listening skills – This refers to active listening which means listening with a purpose and responding
with awareness that the client feels he or she has been both heard and understood.
2. Reflective skills – The key skills are restating, paraphrasing and summarizing, capturing what the client is saying
and “playing” it back to them.
3. Probing skills – These skills facilitate going deeper, asking more directed or leading questions.
4. Communication skills – These include the ability to actively listen, demonstrate understanding, ask appropriate
questions and provide information as needed.
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5. Motivational skills – This is to influence the client to take action after a helping session or consultation.
6. Problem-solving skills – These include differentiating between the symptoms and the problem itself.
7. Conflict resolution skills – These involve helping the client focus on facts rather than personalities.

Image shows a regular counselling setup between a client and counselor.

Counselors are trained to have problem-solving and conflict resolution
skills.

Image Reference: https://thecliftonhub.com/2528/opinion/schools-need-

schoolcounselor/

What Have I Learned?

Directions: In three to five sentences, give the difference between the roles and functions of counselors.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Lesson
2 Specific Work Areas in which Counselors Work

What I Need to Know

The module consists of:

 Lesson 2- Specific work areas in which counselors work.
Discuss different fields where counselors work.
MELCs Code: (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-7)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Classify different situations and fields where counselors apply their work.

What’s In

The scope of work a professional counselor covers a broad area. Some of the role’s functions require
specialization because counselors cater to the various needs of an individual. Appropriate counseling services are
provided given an identified need.

What’s New

Directions: Identify which area of specialization of counselors is suited for every situation or focus area presented.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Focus Area
Area of Specialization
1. Depressed quarantined soldiers

2. Kylie was diagnosed having post-partum

depression
3. Action research on online gaming in public
schools
4. Children mourned over the death of their mother
in Quezon city
5. Constant fighting of parents in the house
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What is It

Every area of specialization of counselors equates to a particular service targeting a particular section of the
society. It was designed that way as to focus more on the society’s problem. As years pass, the society changes and
it becomes complex. This provides opportunities for the next generation who wish invest their future in helping the
society. Some of the opportunities or work areas of counselors are listed below.

Work Areas in which Counselors Work

1. Educational and School Counselors. They offer personal, educational, social and academic counseling
services. They also provide career counseling to senior high school students.
2. Marriage and Family Counselors.
They help couples and families deal
with social issues, emotional
problems, and in some cases, mental
health treatment.
3. Mental Health Counselors. These
professional work with people
suffering from mental or
psychological distress such as
anxiety, phobias, depression, grief,
esteem issues and trauma.
4. Addictions Counselors. These
professionals work with people
suffering from different types of
addiction such as: drugs, alcohol,
sex, gambling and eating disorders. Image Reference: https://www.peggybolcoa.com/resort-to-family-counseling-to-bring-
5. Rehabilitation Counselors. These back-peace-and-happiness-to-life/
professionals are engaged with
individuals suffering from physical disabilities who needs strong support through their physical therapy.
These individuals may have experienced an injury and the counselors in this field can help them transition
back into the workforce or at the very least have a normal life.

In all work areas, the counselor could be self-employed as a private practitioner or maybe employed by the
agency, which may be a government or a non-government organization (NGO). In any work area, additional
education and trainings beyond graduate and post-graduate education are required.
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What Have I Learned?

Directions: Determine the counselor’s area of work in context with the situations below. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

SITUATION AREA OF WORK

1. Regie was surrendered by his parents to the
community to enlist him in the program “Katatagan
Kontra Droga sa Komunidad” because of his marijuana
use. A counselor acts as a facilitator in this program.
2. A counselor gave university and college brochures to
Grade 12 Students. She also talked about different
career paths they can take after senior high school.
3. The counselor holds group counseling sessions to
amputee soldiers who were injured during the Marawi
siege.
4. Alisson is a counselor who conducts counseling to
children of parents undergoing annulment process.
5. Oscar is a counselor tasked to do counseling of
children who are victims of the typhoon Yolanda.

What I Can Do

Directions: Draw a poster that depicts the role/s of a guidance counselor. Write the functions of the counselor inside
the poster. Use a separate sheet to draw your poster.

Your output will be checked based on the rubrics below.

Criteria 5 Very Good 4 Good 3 Average 2 Needs Improvement
Content The information The information The information The information is
provided is precise and provided is provided is relatively vague
correct. correct correct.
Presentation The drawing The drawing The drawing is two- The drawing presented
realistically shows clear realistically dimensional in nature used stickman.
presentation of a depicts a but still depicts a
counselor’s role/s with counselor’s role/s. counselor’s role/s.
clean outline.
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Assessment (Post-test)

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

_____1. This is a process and a relationship between the client and the counsellor.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____2. They should be registered and licensed by Professional Regulation Commission and has specialized
training.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____3. Realizing change in behaviour to assist the client is one of the roles of this professional and/or practitioner.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____4. His or her function as a professional includes the use of approaches to help client develop potentials to the
fullest.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____5. He or she performs several roles and can have many functions.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____6. This process and/or relationship can either be short-term or long-term.

a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____7. This started in the Western World in the early twentieth century, focused mainly on preparing students for
the workforce.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____8. Teachers have previously served as this person.

a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____9. People with mental and emotional problems need the help also of this professional.
a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____10.This practitioner administers a wide range of services human development services.

a. Client b. Counseling c. Counselor d. Client

_____11. This is one of the foundational skills of a counsellor in which he or she employs active listening.
a. Attending Skills b. Communication Skills c. Motivational Skills d. Problem-solving skills

_____12. This counselor skill means helping the client focus on facts and not personalities in conflict.
a. Attending Skills b. Communication Skills c. Motivational Skills d. Problem-solving skills

_____13. This means a counsellor needs to be able to differentiate between symptoms and the problem itself.
a. Attending Skills b. Communication Skills c. Motivational Skills d. Problem-solving skills

_____14. This is a key skill for a counsellor which is concerned with being able to “capture” what the client is saying
and play it back to them.
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a. Attending Skills b. Communication Skills c. Motivational Skills d. Problem-solving skills

_____15. A counsellor should be able to facilitate going deeper into the problem, asking more leading questions.
a. Attending Skills b. Communication Skills c. Motivational Skills d. Problem-solving skills

Answer Key

WHAT I KNOW: ASSESSMENT:

(Pre-test)
1. T 1. B
2. T 2. C
3. T 3. C
4. T 4. C
5. T 5. C
6. F 6. B
7. F 7. B
8. F 8. B
9. F 9. C
10. F 10. C
11. T 11. A
12. T 12. B
13. T 13. D
14. T 14. C
15. T 15 D

LESSON 1
What’s New (Activity 1)
- Answer may vary
What Have I Learned
- Answer may vary
LESSON 2
What’s New (Activity 2)
1. Mental Health Counselor
2. Mental Health Counselor
3. School Counselor
4. Mental Health Counselor
5. Marriage/Family Counselor

What Have I Learned

1. Addiction Counselor
2. School Counselor
3. Rehabilitation Counselor
4. Marriage/Family Counselor
5. Mental Health Counselor

What Can I do
o Answer may vary

REFERENCES

BOOKS
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Sampa, Elias M., Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences: First Edition, Rex Bookstore Inc.
Passer, Michael W.; Smith, Ronald E., Psychology: Frontiers and Applications, McGraw-Hill Companies

WEBSITE
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/counseling/what-is-a-guidance-counselor/
https://www.academia.edu/37131995/DISCIPLINES_AND_IDEAS_IN_THE_APPLIED_SOCIAL_S CIENCES
https://prezi.com/w9xxsfe4hvsc/professionals-practitioners-in-the-discipline-of-counseling/
https://study.com/academy/lesson/counseling-as-a-profession-types-of-counselors.html
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03069885.2015.1063111?src=recsys&journalC ode=cbjg20
https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/70571_Nystul_Chapter_1.pdf
https://www.counseling.org/aca-community/learn-about-counseling/what-is-counseling#
https://www.scribd.com/document/389174203/Discipline-and-Ideas-in-Applied-Social-Science s-docx
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284446194_Applied_Social_Sciences_Education_Sciences