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Discipline and Ideas in
the Applied Social
Science (DIASS)
Quarter 2 Module 4:
THE SETTINGS, PROCESSES,
METHODS, AND TOOLS IN
COMMUNICATION
DIASS_ G12
Quarter 2 – Module 4 : THE SETTINGS, PROCESSES, METHODS, AND TOOLS IN
COMMUNICATION
First Edition, 2020
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Discipline and
Ideas in the
Applied Social
Science (DIASS)
Quarter 2 Module 4:
THE SETTINGS, PROCESSES,
METHODS, AND TOOLS IN
COMMUNICATION
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support
the parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module.
Furthermore, this also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use
separate sheets in answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)
For the learner:
(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive.
This contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the
procedure of working through the module are explained here. This also gives
an overview of the content of the module. If standard symbols are used to
represent some parts of the module such as the objectives, input, practice task
and the like they are defined and explained in this portion.)
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LESSON THE SETTINGS, PROCESSES,
1 METHODS, AND TOOLS IN
COMMUNICATION
Let Us Learn!
At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in
undertaking communication.
2. Distinguish the appropriate communication media channel(s) to use in
different setting and situations.
Let Us Try!
Illustrate by any possible means the settings, processes, methods,
and tools in communication. Use the space provided below.
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Let Us Study
Take a few minutes to reflect on your experience in sending and
receiving communication. What is your preferred method of sending
communication or expressing your opinions? Why do you personally prefer
that method? How about your preferred method of receiving
communication? If you were to lead, how would you want others to
communicate with you? Why is it your preferred way?
RATIONALE
The settings of communication may be defined as the physical
surrounding of a communication event which may be made up of the
location where the communication occurs, environmental conditions, time of
the day, or day of the week, as well as proximity of the communicators
(Alberts, Nakayama, & Martin 2007).
What is critical regarding the setting is to know the audience and
understand what they need to hear and how they need to receive
information. The process of communication accounts for what happens
between the source of message and the recipient, the skills employed in
giving and receiving information, and conveying our ideas and opinions with
those around us. The methods of communication involves the verbal (i.e.,
sounds, language, and tone of voice); the aural (i.e., listening and hearing;
non-verbal (i.e., facial expressions, body language, and posture; the written
(i.e., letters, memos, journals, emails, blogs and text messages; and the
visual (i.e., signs, symbols, illustrations, and pictures). Tools in
communication include all that we use in both communicating with others
and interpreting the information received from others. They range from
language in all its forms, from tone of voice, to performing, reenacting,
television, storytelling, telephone, cell phones, movie, radio, photographs,
cartoon, cyberspace, digital and social platforms, and the Internet.
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Settings of communication
According to Alberts, Nakayama & Martin (2007), it is the physical
surrounding of a communication event.
Government setting
The government deals with citizens and deliver social and public
services that ensure peaceful and orderly living. This being the essence of
government, the purpose of communication becomes more of public to
government and government to public. The government communicates to
inform the public about national plans, public services, security situation,
opportunities, and to give general direction to people as a nation.
They have highly confidential information and the information that is
meant to be accessible to all members of the public. Traditionally, the
government relied on mass media to disseminate public information and
propaganda.
Private sectors setting
This refers to business community, the people who are involved in
delivery of public services that include job creation and employment
provision but are not in government. Essentially, this sector exists for profit.
For this broad description of their existence, communication for them is
largely advertisement, to inform the public, individuals, groups, and
communities about available goods and services for sale. On the other hand,
they need information from the public to understand the demand they have
to supply. As the private sector engages with the public, they want to remain
relevant, profitable, and accepted. Therefore, the concept of corporate social
responsibility (CSR) is important to foster the goal of maintaining a positive
public perception.
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Civil society setting
This sector of society sees itself as the “third force”. It is considered as
a community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity.
It comes to complement government and business action. It includes various
groups of non-government organization (NGOs), charities, foundations,
people’s organizations, and other pressure groups that exist to advocate the
causes of social justice on behalf of the marginalized sectors,
disenfranchised, minorities, and even on behalf of diversity. They do not
exist to make profit or to serve as government but they do perform a number
of functions that belong to the government.
In many cases, they also engage in business to raise funds needed to
respond to the problems affecting the represented sector or issue.
Communication in the sense is defined by the mission and actions chosen
by the civil society. They can draw almost all forms of tools available in
communication. To highlight issues, they do produce documentaries and
even inspire movies. They are using news and social media to bring their
case to a wide audience possible and effectively.
School setting
Schools are educational and social institutions. Their participation in
communication is to deliver educational goods to the public and engage
communities in agenda setting regarding educational goals and means.
Communication in School Setting tends to be very formal and academic.
However, the emergence of new media has transformed communication in
schools to include new forms of communities cutting across schools to
create communities of learners that come together in pursuit of learning
beyond the confines of physical schools they belong to. This is more
exchange of information and documents among students, and traditional
group work has become virtual teamwork, where students learn together
and accomplish given tasks without physically coming together.
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Schools can announce enrolment dates and students can enroll in
their chosen schools without even physically going to the campus.
Ultimately, this has led to the shrinking of physical campus and into global
campus in education and school management. There is more student-to-
student and student-to-teacher direct communication than at any time in
history. Teaching and learning pedagogies are also effected to fever a highly
personalized and learner-centered style.
Community setting
This is where all sectors interact: government, business, civil society,
and just about all individuals and groups. In general, communication with
communities has tended to favor a one directional pattern of mass media.
Sectors of a community announce their offering to the wider
community, and government agencies would also inform communities in
this fashion regarding what they want the community to know.
Process of communication
It accounts for what happens between the sender and the recipient
of the message.
Methods of communication
Involves verbal, non-verbal and the written method.
Tools in communication
All that we use in both in communicating with others and
interpreting the information received from others.
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Let Us Practice
What new learning did you develop about the settings, process,
methods, and tools in communication?
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Let Us Practice More
Find out who is our Press Secretary who is assigned to release official
statements and communications in behalf of the country to send
message to the people. Describe the setting, process, methods, and tools
that he/she utilizes in performing his/her task. Use the table below to
organize your observations.
Name of the Press Secretary
Setting
Process
Methods
Tools
Let Us Remember
Communication is a dynamic process in which humans strive to
convey to one another. It also serves to understand the people,
environment, animals or an object. Communication can only be effective
when communicators take into consideration the characteristics of their
intended clientele and audiences. Different individuals, groups and
communities have distinct communication needs. Individuals for personal
and professional advancement, groups and organizations in accomplishing
group tasks, lastly, communities consider communication as a form of
empowerment.
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The significance of establishing settings, process and methods in
communication are:
1. Good communication ensures that you are being heard;
2. Presents a strong point of view and developing mutual understanding;
3. Delivers efficient decisions and solutions by providing accurate, timely
and relevant information;
4. Enables mutually beneficial solution;
5. Builds healthy relationships by encouraging trust and understanding
taking control of the communication process
Let Us Assess
I. Test Your Knowledge
A. Give two tools of communication in the government setting.
1.
2.
B. Give two methods of communication in the private sector setting.
1.
2.
C. Give two tools of communication in the civil society setting.
1.
2.
D. Give three tools of communication in the school setting.
1.
2.
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E. Give three tools of communication in the community setting.
1.
2.
3.
II. Check Your Understanding
Describe the communication process in the following settings.
1. Government
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2. Private sector
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3. Civil Society
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4. School
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5. Community
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Let Us Enhance
Choose a sample communication material whose topic is of interest
to you. Determine its setting, and the process, method, and tools
that were utilized to send out the communication. Study the surrounding
context of the communication and then describe its process, methods, and
tools.
Let Us Reflect
If you were a professional communicator, what setting would you
choose? Why would you choose it? Describe the process, methods,
and tools you expect to be in you chosen setting.
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References
Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences, Elias
M. Sampa, First Edition
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Tagum City
Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100
Telefax: (084) 216-3504
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E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph
