Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Disciplines And Ideas

In The Applied Social
Sciences
*Clientele and Audiences In Counseling
*Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools In Counseling

Quarter 1- Week 4

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

• Describe the clientele of counseling.
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling.
• Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and
communities.

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 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that might
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning. It is important to develop this skill and to keep it in mind
3. Accomplish all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will master after completing the lessons
in the module.
• Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your understanding - This will verify what you have learned from the
lesson.
• Posttest- This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

2
 EXPECTATIONS

You will explain the different aspects in counseling.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

• describe the clientele of counseling.

• illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling; and
• distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities
Let us start your journey in learning more on clientele and
audiences as well as the settings, processes, methods and
tools in counseling. I am sure you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. It is the process of guiding a person during a stage in life when re-

assessment or decision-making has to be made by the counselee.
a. Counseling
b. Reassurance
c. Clarification
d. Listening
2. It refers to the essential goal in counselling which is to witness a client
progresses on his/her own without the assistance of the counselor.
a. Intervention Phase
b. Formulation of Counseling Goals
c. Assessment and Diagnosis
d. Termination Phase
3. This stage can be undertaken at any point in the counseling stage.
a. Research and Evaluation
b. Affiliation Phase
c. Formulation of Counseling Goals
d. Termination and Follow-up
4. This serves as the window for the counselor to have a thorough appreciation
of the client’s condition.
a. Relationship Building
b. Assessment and Diagnosis
c. Formulation of Counseling Goals
d. Commitment Phase

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5. This is the heart of the counselling process that provides the force and
foundation for the counselling to succeed.
a. Establishing Rapport
b. Intervention and Problem-solving
c. Monitoring
d. Implementation

6. This encourages a client to accept responsibility for problems and to be more

realistic in solving them.
a. Listening
b. Reassurance
c. Clarified thinking
d. Advice

7. It is the way of encouraging the counselee to face the problem confidently

and to empower the client to function normally again.
a. Reassurance
b. Advice
c. Reorientation
d. Transference

8. It refers to the treatment provided to clients in whatever circumstances they

are in.
a. Reorientation
b. Clarity
c. Respect
d. Empathy
9. It is an attempt by the counselor to restate what the client is either saying
or feeling, so the client may learn something or understand the issue better.
a. countertransference
b. positive regard
c. empathy
d. clarification
10. This requires the counselor to listen and understand the feelings and
perspective of the client in an aspect of respect.
a. Reorientation
b. Clarity
c. Respect
d. Empathy

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

4
 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
Activity 1.1 True or False

Directions: In a separate sheet of paper. write T if the statement is true

and F if it is false.

_____ 1. Counselors help people resolve conflicts even if the concern

is developmental in nature.

_____ 2. One example of group counselling is the counselling for alcoholics.

_____ 3. Community counselors work in communities only and do not work with
various age groups.

_____ 4. School counselors have nothing to do with curriculum development.

_____ 5. “Eclectic approach” in counselling is the blending of different ideas that

appeal to the counselor for use.
_____ 6. Pre-contemplation stage is the first step when the client is thinking about
getting help.

_____ 7. Counseling settings can be long term or short-term care facilities.

_____ 8. Building rapport with client is essential in any counseling setting.

_____ 9. Counselors are also needed in private companies.

_____10. Counseling stages should not end in termination.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
We all experience periods of sadness, worry, and stress. All of us go through
difficult times in our lives When we experience struggles in life, we tend to seek out
the support of somebody like the counselors who can give us pieces of advice.
Seeking out counselor’s help does not mean that we are “weak”; instead, this
proves that we have the courage to willingly examine ourselves.
The purpose of counseling is to assist others to gain greater insight into their
lives hoping to find answers to their questions in life. This process requires a
skillful counselor to build that helping relationship with clients. The big questions
are: Who are the clients that need counseling? When and why do they need it?

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DISCUSSIONS
Lesson
Clientele and Audiences
1 in Counseling

The clientele and audiences of the counselling services come from different
settings. Individuals, organizations, and communities or group of people with
varying needs seek help from counseling services.
The needs vary for each type of clientele and audience of counseling. In the
school context, guidance and counseling aims to address needs such as job-
hunting, coaching, conflict management, and many others. While in other settings,
cases vary from marriage counseling, drug addiction and rehabilitation, as well as
bereavement to cases of abuse and traumatic experiences. Whether in group or
individual, those who avail counseling services are the clientele and audiences of
counseling.

Characteristics of Individual Clients of Counseling:

The clientele and audiences of counseling are individuals who need
assistance. They may need help in realizing a change in behavior or attitude or
simply seeking directions to achieve a certain goal in life. This growing number of
clients arises due to mental health concerns from mild to severe cases. This helping
process can be beneficial to anyone who experiences stress, depression, anxiety,
and other emotional turmoil. Individuals who are experiencing problems in their
personal relationship, gender, sexuality issues, or any circumstances that matter to
a person can be helped through counseling. This may include development of social
skills, effective communication, spiritual direction, decision-making, and career
choices.

The Group and Organization as Client of Counseling

The list of problems that counselors deal with every day can go on and on
but through the years, special counselling populations have evolved. The special
clientele in groups has been given increasing attention by the counselling
profession to frequent occurrences. Groups exist in communities, organizations,
students in schools, teachers, and departments in workplaces. Such an entity can
undergo group counseling to meet counseling needs on that level. The needs can
range from the desire to reduce or manage conflict, to the goal of becoming more
productive as a team by working together Some of the group processes and
procedures resemble those that are applied to individuals. However, some are
incredibly unique to group and organizational context.
The Community as Client of Counseling

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 Conducting community counseling is essential in times of calamity or
natural disasters and other events that cause stress to people in the community.
Experiencing traumatic events is something that requires collective action in
reaching out through therapeutic activities. The community looks for assistance to
combat post traumatic events and counseling empowers them to go on with their
lives. They are also encouraged to release the danger of blocking their own capacity
to move on from distress.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.2 Conducting a survey

Direction: Using any form of media application, conduct a simple survey or interview
among young adults (ages 18-21) on problems they encounter during this pandemic
and how they cope with it. Using a survey protocol, get data on the following:

A. Age, gender and educational background, optional to include religious

affiliation and socio-economic status.
B. Problems encountered:
e.g. stress, depression, anxiety, grief, and other emotional turmoil, personal
relationship issues with friends, family and partner, sexuality concerns, and
forms of abuse like using illegal drugs, alcohol, tobacco, sexual, verbal, and
different forms of games including virtual or computer related and gambling.
C. At the end of the survey, include “other problem/s encountered by them
that require counselling and why do they need it”.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.3 Profiling Clients

Direction: Using the result of the survey, present it in graphical or tabulated form,
analyze the data and reflect on the following context:
1. What common problems do young adults encounter during this
pandemic? Choose a case that you think needs counseling and explain
why it requires counselling?
2. Read related case about the problem and the corresponding coping
mechanism applied on presented case.
3. Write your own reflective essay about this experience.

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 DISCUSSIONS
Lesson
Settings, Processes, Methods
2 and Tools in Counseling

Counselling often has a stigma associated with it, given the history of
how mental health issues have been addressed in our society. The reality is, we all
struggle with life problems and anyone can benefit from counselling. We usually
have tendencies to find relief when we want to express our thoughts and feelings
when we have problems. But sometimes friends or family members may not have
the skills necessary to help us get deep into an issue. It is not something that is
just for people who want to help others. This human journey in counseling is
sometimes complex that not only it needs to fit in proper settings, processes, and
methods but also to use different tools to cater to whatever is needed.

A. SETTINGS OF COUNSELING

Settings in which a counseling professional may work include private

practice, community settings, the legal system, long/short-term care facilities,
advocacy roles, and in the educational system. In each setting, different skills and
trainings are required.

Government Setting:

Counseling professionals in government setting work with various

government agencies that have counseling services such as: Social welfare,
Correctional department, The Court system, Child and Women affairs services,
Schools, Military, Police, Mental and foster homes and, Rehabilitation centers.
Counseling settings vary widely but the processes, methods, and tools used by
counselors are very similar.

Private Sectors Setting:

The counselors in private sectors provide services or works for NGO’s

specialized for profit centers and organization that render a variety of counseling
services designed for individuals or group.

Civil Society Setting:

The context of civil society is generally charities or non-profit and issue-

based centers or organizations for abused women, abandoned children and elderly,
veterans, teachers, professionals or religious groups.

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School Setting:

School counselors assume many different responsibilities and task based on

the particular needs of the students. Guidance services vary based on the
program the school is offering. The role of the school counselor is more complex
since the needs of students vary. Basically counseling in this setting provides
guidance for the students to help them in every aspect of their growth and
development as individual.

B. PROCESSES OF COUNSELING

Counseling process refers to events, characteristics, or conditions that occur

during the interaction between counselor and client. Its process is different for each
individual or couple; however, it may be helpful to get a sense of the style of
counselling. Process can refer to what the counselor does with the client as well as
how change occurs within the client. It is a planned, structured dialogue between a
counselor and a client. It is a cooperative process in which a trained professional
helps a person called the client to identify sources of difficulties or concerns that he
or she is experiencing. Together they develop ways to deal with and overcome these
problems in order for the client to acquire new set of skills and increased
understanding of him or herself and of others.

Step 1: Building Rapport/ Needs Assessment

The first step involves building relationship and gaining the trust of the
counselee while establishing the client’s condition at the same time. It focuses on
engaging clients to explore issues that directly affect them. This is the diagnostic
procedure that may range from systematic observation to conducting a formal
survey using a questionnaire in order to determine the needs of the client. It is the
heart of the counseling process that serves as the foundation of success. It entails
analysis of the root causes of the problem. The data gathered will be utilized in the
formulation of the intervention program.

Step 2: Goal Setting / Designing Intervention Plan

Goals are important because they set the direction of the counseling process.
They serve as the parameter of the intervention program. This step involves the
collection and classification of information about the client’s life situation and
reasons for seeking counseling. It also involves setting an agreement between the
counselor and the counselee after formulating goals and program plan.

Step 3: Implementation / Problem Solving Program

This comprises the actual process of the outlined mapping of strategies for
intervention that entails client’s active participation in the process of helping
themselves. This is where goals play an important role in giving direction. It
involves making a commitment to achieve the set goals.

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Step 4: Counseling Processes /Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring the counseling process is essential in tracking the record of the

helping process. This step determines the success and failure of the program. It
can tell if the goals are met or if challenges are at stakes that distract the
implementing program. This stage can be undertaken with research that is
fundamental part of the evaluation. Result of the research provides a scientific
appreciation of the counseling situation.

Step 5: Follow-Up, Termination or Referral

Counselor are always mindful and careful in dealing with clients to avoid
fostering dependency. It is important that the clients realize their own needs. That
is why preparation for termination begins long before the actual termination period.
Terminating the counseling process is also considered when it seems counseling is
not being helpful. Think of this as means of empowering clients and creating an
awareness to review their own progress and to create closure between the client
and the counselor

C. METHODS OF COUNSELING

The most fundamental aspect of any counselling is the relationship between

the counsellor and the client. Several studies have established that the client’s
perspective of the quality of therapeutic relationship is one of the most important
factors being considered by clients in achieving the goals of the therapy. The
importance of this relationship far outweighs the importance of the counsellor’s
qualifications or the style of counselling being employed. Therefore it is vital to find
a counsellor who feels right for you.

The following methods are among the basic counseling approaches

commonly used today with brief descriptions of their meanings:

Adlerian Approach

Adlerian Therapy is an approach pioneered by Alfred Adler, It is also

called individual psychology and it focuses on creating a therapeutic relationship
that is co-operative, encouraging and practical. In this approach, Adlerian
counsellors identify obstacles and create effective strategies in working towards
their client’s goals. It is believed that by helping clients gain insight of their lifestyle
and personal values, it helps them understand and question their usual patterns of
behavior.

Behavioral Approach

This therapy is based on the belief that behavior is learnt in response to past
experiences and can be unlearnt or reconditioned without analyzing the past to
find the reason for such behavior. It works well for compulsive and obsessive
behavior, fears, phobias, and addictions.

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Cognitive Analytical Approach

This combines Cognitive Therapy and Psychotherapy and encourages clients

to draw on their own ability to develop the skills to change destructive patterns of
behavior. Negative ways of thinking are explored in structured and directive ways,
involving diary-keeping, progress charts, etc.

Cognitive Behavioral Approach

This combines Cognitive and Behavioral techniques. Clients are taught ways
to change thoughts and expectations using relaxation techniques. It has been
effective for stress-related ailments, phobias, obsessions, eating disorders and
major depression.

Cognitive Approach

This approach uses the power of the mind to influence behavior. It is based
on the theory that previous experiences can damage self-image and this can affect
attitude, emotions, and ability to deal with certain situations. It works by helping
the client to identify, question, and change poor mental images of themselves, thus
altering negative responses and behavior. It can help pessimistic or
depressed people to view things from a more optimistic perspective.

Dialectical Behavioral Approach

DBT was developed from cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The main aim of
CBT is to change behavior, which is done by applying techniques with a focus on
problem-solving, such as homework, diary cards and behavioral analysis. However,
some people felt uncomfortable with the strong focus on change and felt that their
suffering and apparent loss of control over their lives were not understood. This
caused them to become frustrated and even to drop out of treatment. Therapists
sought to resolve this using acceptance strategies. Acceptance strategies are added
to the process of CBT which means that the therapists explore with their clients an
acceptance that their behavior (e.g. self-harming, drinking, etc.), although
damaging in the long term, may be the only way they have learned to deal with
intense emotions, and which might have led to positive short term benefits.

Eclectic Counselling Approach

An Eclectic counsellor selects from several different approaches appropriate

to the client’s needs. This is based on the theory that there is no proof that any one
theoretical approach works better than all others for a specific problem.

Family Counseling Approach

This is used to treat a family system rather than individual members of the
family. It is a form of Systemic Approach that requires specifically trained
counsellors.

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Gestalt Approach

Developed by Fritz Perls, the term is derived from the German word for
“organized whole”. It focuses on the whole of the client’s experience, including
feelings, thoughts and actions. The client gains self-awareness in the `here and
now’ by analyzing behavior and body language and talking about bottled up
feelings. This approach often includes acting out scenarios and dream recall.

Humanistic Approach

Coming from the “personal growth movement”, this approach encourages

people to think about their feelings and take responsibility for their thoughts and
actions. Emphasis is on self-development and achieving highest potential. “Client-
Centered” or “Non-Directive” approach is often used, and the therapy can be
described as “holistic” or looking at person as a whole. The client’s creative
instincts may be used to explore and resolve personal issues.

Integrative Approach

This is when several distinct models of counselling are used together.

Mindfulness Approach

Mindfulness is a specific way of intentionally paying attention. One negative

thought can lead to a chain reaction of negative thoughts. This approach
encourages people to be aware of each thought, enabling the first negative thought
to be ‘caught’ so that it is seen as just a ‘thought’ and not a fact. This breaks the
chain reaction of negative thoughts giving a mental ‘space’ in which the person can
re-center himself in the present. Mindfulness-based therapists can work with
individuals and groups and will usually integrate mindfulness into
another modality, in which they are already trained. Mindfulness is likely to appeal
to therapists who have developed a long-term meditation practice.

Person-Centered Approach

Devised by Carl Rogers and also called “Client-Centered” or “Rogerian”

counselling, this is based on the assumption that a client seeking help in the
resolution of a problem they are experiencing, can enter into a relationship with a
counsellor who is sufficiently accepting and permissive to allow the client to
freely express any emotions and feelings. This will enable the client to come to
terms with negative feelings, which may have caused emotional problems, and
develop inner resources. The objective is for the client to be able to see himself as a
person, with the power and freedom to change, rather than as an object.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy/Counselling

This approach stresses the importance of the unconscious and past

experiences in shaping current behavior. The client is encouraged to talk about
childhood relationships with parents and other significant people and the therapist

12
focuses on the client/therapist relationship (the dynamics) and, on the
transference. Transference is when the client projects onto the therapist feelings
experienced in previous significant relationships. The Psychodynamic approach is
derived from Psychoanalysis but usually provides a quicker solution to emotional
problems.

Solution-Focused Brief Approach

This promotes positive change rather than dwelling on past problems.

Clients are encouraged to focus positively on what they do well and to set goals and
work out on how to achieve them. As little as 3 or 4 sessions may be beneficial.

D. TOOLS OF COUNSELING

Counseling services impose to use specific tools for collecting primary

information from students. The tools for collection of information for counseling are
divided into two broad categories: Non-testing and Psychological testing.

1. Non-testing tools

These types of tools are usually used for individual assessment without any
intention of testing the individual. These tools are generally developed by the
counselor and /or teachers themselves. These are: interview, observation,
anecdotal record, cumulative records, checklist, rating scale, sociometry,
autobiography, and diary.

2. Psychological testing

This could be ability test like achievement and aptitude or personality test.
Psychological test provides information about the individual’s psychological
characteristics such as intelligence, aptitude, interests, abilities, and personality.
Before selection, test of reliability, validity, practicability, etc. should be clearly
looked for. Psychological tests are mainly divided into two categories: Ability and
Personality Test. Ability tests composed of aptitude and achievement test, while
achievement tests are used as academic placement devices rather than as selection
instruments. Aptitude tests are particularly used to estimate the extent to which an
individual would profit from a specific course or training to predict the quality of
his/her achievement in each situation.

13
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.4 Matching Type

Direction: Match the items in column A with items in column B. Write the letter
of your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
A B
1. Assessment and A. It shall serve as the parameter of
Diagnosis work and the client-counselor relationship

2. Formulation of B. It determines the review of progress and create

Counseling Goals closure between the client and the counselor.

3.Relationship C. It is essential in tracking the record if whether the

Building helping process is in progress or not.

D. This serves as the window for the counselor to

4.Monitoring and
have a thorough appreciation of the client’s
Evaluation
condition.
E. This is the heart of the counselling process
5. Follow-up, termination
because it provides the foundation for the
or referral
counselling to succeed.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.5 Clustering Approaches of Counseling in Different Levels.

Direction: Based on your observation. Describe the clientele of counseling in the

following settings and suggest approach that is suited to his/her characteristics.

LEVELS Clientele Approach

Elementary
Counselor
Junior High
School
Counselor
Senior High
School
Counselor

14
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Activity 1.6 ACRONYM

Direction: In your own words, summarize the concept of counseling as well as the
functions of a counselor by using the acronym below.

C-

O-

U-

N-

S-

E-

L-

I-

N-

G-

REMEMBER
o Counseling refers to guidance or advice provided to help someone resolve
difficulties or decide on issues. When a person visits a therapist to work out on
relationship matter is an example of counseling.
o Counseling is for people who want to experience more peace of mind, want
greater self-awareness and is curious about knowing and understanding
themselves in greater depth. It focuses on specific issues and is designed to help
a person address a problem, such as addiction or stress management.
o Counseling is also usually short-term as compared to therapy. Psychotherapy is
long-term and it focuses on a broader range of issues.
o The purpose of counseling is to help clients achieve their personal goals and
gain greater insight into their lives. One hopes that by the end of this process,
she will be more satisfied with his or her life. This service helps people navigate
through difficult life situations and make life adjustment easier.

15
 POSTTEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It serves as the parameter of work and the client-counselor relationship.

a. Implementation
b. Goal setting
c. Assessment and Diagnosis
d. Monitoring

2. This therapy works well for compulsive and obsessive behavior, fears,
phobias, and addictions.
a. Behavioral Therapy
b. Existential Therapy
c. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
d. Gestalt Therapy

3. It is sometimes described as “psychology of the soul”.

a. Gestalt Therapy
b. Psychosynthesis
c. Adlerian Therapy
d. Integrative Therapy

4. The client gains self-awareness in the `here and now’ by analyzing behavior
and body language and talking about bottled up feelings.
a. Adlerian Therapy
b. Existential Therapy
c. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
d. Gestalt Therapy

5. This is when several distinct models of counselling and psychotherapy are

used together.
a. Adlerian Therapy
b. Integrative Therapy
c. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
d. Existential Therapy

6. This promotes positive change rather than dwelling on past problems.

a. Adlerian Therapy
b. Existential Therapy
c. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
d. Gestalt Therapy

16
7. This describes any form of counselling or therapy which places emphasis on
spirituality.
a. Existential Therapy
b. Adlerian Therapy
c. Gestalt Therapy
d. Transpersonal Therapy

8. The objective is for the client to become able to see himself as a person, with
the power and freedom to change, rather than as an object.
a. Person-Centered Therapy
b. Existential Therapy
c. Adlerian Therapy
d. Gestalt Therapy

9. This counseling tool provides information about the individual’s intelligence,

aptitude, interests, abilities, and personality.
a. Cumulative record
b. Psychological test
c. Non-testing tools
d. Rating scale

10. These are counseling tools that are usually used for individual assessment
without the intention of testing the individual.
a. Psychological test
b. Anecdotal Record
c. Non-testing tools
d. Sociometry

17
 REFERENCES

Online Sources:

https://www.slideshare.net/JahnissiGALAROSA1/the-setting-processes-methods-
and-tools-in-counseling

http://www.womensconsortium.org.uk/methods-of-councelling

https://www.slideshare.net/NikitaSharma346/tools-for-counselling-services
http://www.womensconsortium.org.uk/methods-of-councelling/
http://www.shanti-centre.com/who-needs-counselling

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH814PH814&sxsrf=ALeKk02L4fzTcTtkz0autsSFiF
U4FXAd

https://www.slideshare.net/JahnissiGALAROSA1/the-setting-processes-methods-and-tools-in-
counseling

Books:

Bernardo et.al, 2016.Discipline and Ideas In the Applied Social Sciences,

JFS Publishing Services, Manila, Philippines

Elias M. Sampa, 2017, Discipline and Ideas In the Applied Social Sciences,
REX Book Store, Inc., Manila, Philippines

Naguit et.al, 2018, Discipline and Ideas In The Applied Social Sciences,
Mindshapers Co.,Inc., Manila, Philippines

Acknowledgements

Writer: Geraldine Sd. Andal

Editor: Amalia C. Solis - EPS
Reviewers: Fructuoso O. Salao / Hernani D. Patches (Content)
Joe D. Verzosa (Language)
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

18
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: I Module No.: 4 Week No.: 4

MELC: To describe the clientele of counseling; illustrate the different

processes
and methods involved in counseling; and distinguish the needs of
individuals, groups, organizations, and communities

Topic: Clientele and Audiences of Counseling

Settings, Methods, Procedures and Tools of Counseling

Journal Entry

Directions: Read and analyze the questions. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What are the different stages or steps in counseling?

2. How settings, methods and tools in counseling do help the counseling

process?

3. As you study counseling, how will you differentiate counseling processes and
what method do you think will suits your interests in counseling process.

19
ANSWER KEY

PRETEST POSTTEST
1. A 1. B
2. D 2. A
3. A 3. B
4. B 4. D
5. A 5. B
6. C 6. C
7. A 7. D
8. C 8. A
9. D 9. B
10. D 10. C

Activity 1.1 Activity 1.4

(True or False) (Matching Type)

1. T 1. D
2. A
2. T 3. E
3. F 4. C
5. B
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. T
10. F

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