Layout Planning

• To start a detail planning study space

requirement must be known for various by
products, raw material and process
equipments.

• First a trial plot plan is prepared and then

suitable plot and elevation plan is
prepared.
 Unit area concept
• This method is particularly used for large
plant layouts
• Unit areas required for each item is
determined
• Blocks are prepared based on unit area
concept
• Blocks are prepared from wood,
cardboard, hard board etc.
 Scale model
• The scale model method is better than all other

methods
• Scale models of equipments etc are prepared.
• The models are prepared from wood or
cardboard.
• These models are used to develop plot plan &
elevation plan.
• The piping services facilities and control
facilities are also included
 Scale model
• This is 3-Dimensinal model

• Plant layout prepared by this method is

more accurate on scale.

• This method is more expensive and

useful for construction
 Advantages of Scale model
• This method helps the operator to trace
line quickly instead of walking and
climbing over extensive part of the plant.
• Optimum design selection can be made
• It provides effective construction planning
• It is used for training of personnel
 Preparation of the layout
• Scale drawings are prepared.
• Elementary layout are developed first
• Fundamentals relationships between storage
space and operating equipments are considered
• The operational sequences are considered for
primary layout
• It is based on flow of materials, unit operations,
storages & future expansion
• After considering all above factors a layout is
prepared.
• It includes piping system also.
 Storage layout
• Storage is required for R/M, Intermediates,
product and finished product.
• R/M storage must be at adjoining or near
to the processing area.
• It reduce the material handling cost but it
may also become obstacle or constrain to
future expansion.
• Finished product must be stored near the
outgoing area
 Storage layout
• Liquid can be stored in containers or in
tanks in outdoor or indoor areas.
• Hazardous materials must be stored in
isolated areas.
• The material which are not affected by
normal conditions of climate may be
stored in open area.
• Storage must be done to utilize gravity
flow wherever possible
 Equipment layout
• Ample space should be assigned to each
equipment
• Accessibility is an important factor for
maintenance
• Each unit must be in harmony with each
other.
• Equipment should not be placed too
closed into the building.
 Equipment layout
• A slight larger building is necessary
facilitates more.
• Identical equipments which are repeated
several times in the flow of material should
be arranged in groups or series.
• This reduce operating cost.
• Gravity flow is usually preferable so
equipments should be installed
accordingly means multistory layout.
 Equipment layout
• Overhead equipments must have a space
for lowering into place.
• H.E. should be located such that there
should be place to remove tube bundles.
• The space must be provided for repair and
maintenance and replacement.
 Safety
• Fire protection, Water reservoirs, Fire
pumps, hose pipe etc are required.
• Proper training must be provided to
operate all safety measures.
• Proper place must be provided to keep
them.
 Roads
• For easy transportation within the
premises roads are required.
• The proper planning must be made for
internal roads.
 Utilities
• The distribution of utilities is important
factor
• No pipe should be laid on the floor or
between the floor
• Pipes must be installed at 7-8 feet level.
• Steam generation plant should be on
oneside
 Future Expansion
• A space must be kept reserved for future
expansion