ROCK ANCHOR AND SOIL

NAILING
 SOIL NAIL CONSTRUCTION
 What is Soil Nail Wall Construction
 Is a technique used to bring soil stability in areas where landslides
might be a problem.
 Soil nail can prevent landslides by inserting steel reinforcement bars
into the soil and anchoring then to soil strata
SOIL NAIL APPLICATION
The process of soil nailing provide great benefit in the
construction industry

 Temporary Excavation Shoring

 Permanent Site Retaining Walls

 Slope Stabilization

 Tunnel portals
SOIL NAIL APPLICATION
 Roadway Cuts
 Under Existing Bridge Abutments

 Repair and Reconstruction of Existing Retaining

Structure

 Soil nail walls are not recommended to be used on clayey

soils or clean sand where the cohesion is minimum.
 Soil Nails must penetrate beyond the slip plane into the
passive zone typically 4 to 5 meters
TYPICAL INSTALLATION OF SOIL NAIL
 Typical soil nail construction procedure

Drilling of Soil

Placing of Soil Nail

Shot-Crete Layer as a Facing Material

TYPICAL INSTALLATION OF SOIL NAIL
 Steel tendons used in soil nailing usually consist of 0.8
to 2.0 inch bars with yield strength of 60 to 72 KSI.
 Face drainage is virtually always used in permanent
walls and temporary walls
 Face Drainage – synthetic drainage elements placed between
the retained soil and shot-crete.
 8 to 6 inches wide of synthetic strips or perforated pipes
TYPES OF SOIL NAIL
 Soil nail provides resisting force against slope failures.
Its construction process is faster than other similar
methods.

 Types of Soil Nailing:

 Grouted Soil Nail
 Driven Nails
 Self Drilling Soil Nail
 Jet Grouted Soil Nail
 Launched Soil Nail
TYPES OF SOIL NAIL
 Grouted Soil Nail
1. Holes are drilled to walls / slope / face
2. Nails Inserted into Predrilled Holes
3. Grouting of Inserted Nails
4. Concreting / Shotcrete

 Driven Nails
 Driven nails are used for temporary stabilization of slopes.
This method is very fast but does not provide corrosion
protection for the reinforcements
TYPES OF SOIL NAIL
 Self Drilling Soil Nail
1. Hollow bars are drilled into the slope surface
2. Grout is injected simultaneously during the drilling
 This method is faster the GROUTED NAILING and
provide more corrosion resistance to nails than DRIVEN
NAILS
 Jet Grouted Soil Nail
 Jets are used for eroding the soil for creating slope surface.
Steel bars are then installed in the hole and grouted with
concrete. This method Provides good corrosion protection
for the steel bars
TYPES OF SOIL NAIL
 Launched Soil Nail
 Steel Bars are forced into the soil with very high speed using
compressed air mechanism. Installation is fast but control
over length of bar penetrating the ground is difficult.
BENEFITS OF SOIL NAILING
Soil nailing has been used regularly over traditional cut
retaining wall for several reasons:

 Ideal for tight spaces

 It can be used in irregular shape areas

 Less Noise

 Minimum shoring required

 Reduce right of way requirements

BENEFITS OF SOIL NAILING
 Wall height is not restricted
 Lower load requirements than tie back anchor system

 Eliminates time and expense of placing sheet piles

 Used to repair existing system

LIMITATION OF SOIL NAILING
 Soil might be over exposed prior to installation
 Sand and gravel not compatible with soil nailing

 Not recommended in areas with high water table

 Soil nailing in very low shear strength may require very

high soil nail density.
 Soil nailing in sensitive soil and expansive soil for
permanent of long term is not recommended
 Specialize contractors are required
ROCK / GROUND ANCHORS
 What is Rock or Ground Anchoring
 Rock or Ground anchors are designed to stabilized and
support natural and Engineer Structure and to restrain their
movement using tension – resisting elements.
ROCK / GROUND ANCHORS
 Basic design concept of rock anchoring consist of
transferring the resisting tensile forces generated in the
inclusion into the ground through friction or adhesion in
the soil.

 They present significant technical advantages over

conventional rigid gravity retaining walls or external
bracing systems.
ROCK / GROUND ANCHOR
 Permanent Anchors
 Permanent Ground or Rock Anchors are prestressed, grouted
– cemented tendons. These anchors are corrosion protected to
ensure their long term performance throughout the design
service life of the structure they support

 Temporary Anchors
 These anchors are developed by specialty contractors
involved in temporary excavation support system.
 Service life less than 2 years.
 ROCK / GROUND ANCHORS - PARTS
Tendons are made of pre-stressing
steel wires, strands or bars and
includes:

 The anchor bond length – Where

tendon is fixed in the primary
grout bulb and transfer the tension
force to the surrounding ground.

 Unbonded Length – Tendon is free to elongate elastically transferring

the resisting force from anchor bond length to the structural element
(walls or slab)
 ROCK / GROUND ANCHORS - PARTS
 Anchor grout – Generally made of
portland cement based mixture. It
transfers the anchor force to the
ground. A secondary grout can be
injected to the drilled hole after
stressing to provide corrosion
protection for unsheeted tendons.

 Anchorage – is a device attached to the tendon that consist of plate

and the anchor head (threaded nut) and permits stressing and lock off
the prestressing steel
USES OF GROUND / ROCK ANCHORS
 Full anchoring of retaining wall
 Stabilization of eccentrically loaded foundation

 Stabilization of slopes and rock walls or cuts

 Systematic rock stabilization and local supports for

underground excavation
 Stabilization of structures affected by uplift
force/pressure
MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ANCHORS AND SOIL NAILS
 Distribution of Tensile Force
 Anchors are divided into Free section and Anchoring Section.
Lateral earth pressure is transmitted into the anchor which
act as a fulcrum. The anchor receives same tension on the
free section
 Soil nail suffers tension on its entire length, Usually the
tension is greater on its middle part and lesser on its head due
to gradual distribution of tensile force.

 Anchor is generally pre-set tensile stress while soil nails

are placed without prestressing
MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ANCHORS AND SOIL NAILS
 Quantity of Anchors and Nails

 The number of anchors are usually limited to the design and

spaced adequately while soil nails are arrange and installed
in a dense manner.

 Soilnails do not need strict accuracy of installation and strict

quality as Ground / Rock anchors.