INTRODUCTION TO

THERMODYNAMICS
Melissa R. Serrano, RECE
Conservation of Mass for Open Systems INTRODUCTION TO
THERMODYNAMICS
What is the simplified conservation of mass equation for a hose
being used to water a garden?

Since the hose is being used to water the garden, we assume

the system is steady (unvarying with time) and there is only one
entrance and exit to the hose.
Conservation of Mass for Open Systems INTRODUCTION TO
THERMODYNAMICS
We will assume 1D flow for al our work.
1. All flow is normal to the boundaries at the inlet and exits.
2. All intensive properties are uniform across the inlet and exit
areas.

The conservation of mass is therefore:

Steam Turbine Example INTRODUCTION TO
THERMODYNAMICS
•Let’s
  do an example. Consider steam that enters a turbine at 69 bar, with a velocity
of . The turbine is operating at steady state conditions and the steam leaves the
turbine as a dry saturated vapor at 10 bar. The inlet diameter of the turbine is and
the outlet diameter is
Do you have enough information to determine the mass flow rate of steam through
the turbine?
Steam Turbine Example INTRODUCTION TO
THERMODYNAMICS
•Let’s
  do an example. Consider steam that enters a turbine at 69 bar, with a
velocity of . The turbine is operating at steady state conditions and the steam
leaves the turbine as a dry saturated vapor at 10 bar. The inlet diameter of the
turbine is and the outlet diameter is
a) What is the mass flow rate?
Steam Turbine Example INTRODUCTION TO
THERMODYNAMICS
•Let’s
  do an example. Consider steam that enters a turbine at 69 bar, with a velocity
of . The turbine is operating at steady state conditions and the steam leaves the
turbine as a dry saturated vapor at 10 bar. The inlet diameter of the turbine is and
the outlet diameter is
a) What is the exit velocity?