Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration
• It is the process could be compared to using
the energy from food. There are two
pathways by which energy is harvested from
food, with or without oxygen. The muscle
cells are so special that they can switch
pathways in obtaining energy depending on
the availability of oxygen.
Aerobic Pathway
• The aerobic pathway of obtaining
energy, also known as cellular
respiration, consist of three stages:
glycolysis, krebs cycle and electron
transport chain. These chemical
reactions occur in specific location in
cells and in the particular order.
 Glycolysis
• Is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that
occur inside the cytoplasm. This particular stage
does not required oxygen. It begins by breaking
down glucose from food but only produces as
small amount of energy in the form of ATP
molecules.
• Aerobic Glycolysis has carbon dioxide and
water as by-products.
Equation of Glycolysis:

Glucose + 2 ATP + 2NAD ----> 4 ATP +

+

2 NADH + 2 pyruvate
 Krebs Cycle
• also known as the citric acid cycle.
It starts with the end product of
glycolisis, the 3-C pyruvate, and
involves a series of enzyme-
controlled processes that occur
inside the mitochondrial matrix.
Equation of Krebs cycle :
Pyruvic acid + ADP + 4 NAD+ + FAD ---->
3CO2 + 4 NADH + FADH2 + ATP
 Electron Transport Chain
• The third part of the process of obtaining energy,
the electron transport chain, also involves a
series of enzyme-controlled reactions that
convert the kinetic energy present in hydrogen
electrons to energy (ATP).
• In the membrane of mitochondria are iron-
containing enzyme molecules called cytobrome.
Equation of the Electron-Transport
System:

6 O2 + 8 NADH + 4 FADH2 + 32 ADP ---->

8 NAD+ + 4 FAD + 32 ATP + 12 H2O
 Anaerobic pathway
• is used at some point to supply
body cells with immediate energy
source. it consist of three stages:
glycolysis and fermentation.
 Glycolysis
-Which is similar to the aerobic pathway.
Recall in glycolysis that two 3-C pyruvate are
end products.
-Anaerobic Glycolysis has different by-
products in plants in animals: ethyl alcohol in
plants, and lactic acid.
• Fermentation is important in the global
recycling of carbon in the environment.
Without the presence of anaerobic
microorganisms,Earth would become
oxygen-poor and since micoorganisms
will not recycle nutrients back into soil,
Earth will be filled with undercomposed
organic matter.
 THANK YOU SO
MUCH! ^_^