AIRCRAFT AND ITS PARTS

npor. Ing. Jan Kalvoda

Brno, 2014
 Aircraft sorting
 Lightier than air - is characterized by one or more large
gasbags, filled with a low-density gas such as helium,
hydrogen or hot air.
- Hot-air balloons
- Airship (zeppelin)

 Heavier than air – need to produce aerodynamical force

for their motion.
- Fixed wing aircraft (airplanes)
- Rotarcraft
Aerodynamic forces
 Function of an aircraft
Training – single/double seat
Combat – tanker, bomber, ground attack,
military helicopter,
supersonic/subsonic.
Transport – airliner/cargo, bussiness jet,
helicopter
Medical – helicopter
Sport – ultralight, glider, paraglide.
Distinguishing features of an aircraft
Wing shape
- Tapered
 Double tapered
 Rectangular
 Swept wing

Wing position
 Low
 Mid
 High

Wing number
 Most are monoplanes
Distinguishing features of an aircraft
Engine number
 single engine
 Twin engine
 Triple engine

Engine position
 On the wings
 Close to the fuselage
 Rear mounted

Kind of engine
 Aircraft structure
Wings
Fuselage
Power unit
Landing gear
Control surfaces
 Wings
Designed to generate lift

Starboard wing/port wing

Leading edge/ trailing edge

Control surfaces
 ailerons

Aircraft systems
- Fuel, hydraulic, de-icing, lighting
 Wing elements
1. Winglet
2. Low Speed Aileron
3. High Speed Aileron
4. Flap track fairing
5. Krüger flaps
6. Slats
7. Three slotted inner flaps
8. Three slotted outer flaps
9. Spoilers
10. Spoilers-Air brakes
 Fuselage
seats, overhead compartment
Cockpit
Toilets
Portholes Passenger cabin Technical compartment

Exits
Very rear part of fuselage
Cargo (baggage) compartment
 Landing gear
Fixed/retractable
Nose gear
Right and left main gear
Tail wheel

undercarriage bay
undercarriage door
undercarriage leg
tires

Retracting mechanism
Shock absorbers
 Power unit
Piston engine
Turboprop engine
Jet engine

Jet engine
Control surfaces
Thank you for your attention….