HUMAN

CAPITAL:
EDUCATION
AND HEALTH
in
Economic
Development

DOMINIC E BOTICARIO BSA-2B

HIV/AIDS
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
• virus that causes the AIDS
AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome)
• viral disease
• usually transmitted
through sexual contact
AIDS
• disease of developed
country
• causes the deaths of
adults
Sub Saharan Africa
• epicenter of HIV/AIDS
• most severely affected
(1:20 or 4.9% - adults living
with HIV)
Yung statistic naman kasunod lang
nung graph
OTHER FACTS:

•low income countries - one year of life once

get infected
•treatments are limited to apirin, antibiotics and
cortisone
•2011 - 8 million HIV positive from low and
lower-middle income countries are eligible for
antiretroviral therapy treatment
•Emily Oster - high case of HIV in
Africa may result from other HIV
viral transmission and other
sexually transmitted diseases.
UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS
Epidemic, 2010
• 15 millions of orphans in sub Saharan Africa
• extended family networks - solution for
increasing rates of orphans due to AIDS

Church group in Zimbabwe

• volunteer visits
• provide basic care
• emotional and material support
MALARIA
Malaria
• caused by sporozoan
parasites through the bite of
anopheline mosquitoes
• severe chills and fever
• 1 million deaths each year
• 15% of children with neurological
problem and learnings disabilities
• child dies every 30 seconds
globally
• 500 million are severely ill
WHO Roll Back Malaria
• DDT spraying and draining
swaps
• Mosquito bed nets
• Improving nutrition
• Sealing house
Global Immunization Vision and
Strategy
• report of WHO and UNICEF on
2005
• immunization saved the lives of 2
million children
Why aren’t there more vaccines
for diseases in the developing
country provided that there are
many disease-concentrated in the
said region?
• People are poor and less
able to pay
Making Markets for Vaccines: Ideas
to Action
• led by Ruth Levine, Michael Kremer,
and Alice Albright
• proposal to sponsor a 200 million
malaria vaccines ($14-sponsor and
$1-receiving country)
Parasitic Worms and Other
“Neglected Tropical
Diseases”
Schistosomiasis
• also known as snail fever
• caused by water borne flat worms
called schistosomes (blood flukes)
• 200 million - infected in 74
developing countries (120 million-
symptomatic and 20 million-severe
consequences
• 200,000 - death each year
WHO’s International Agency for
Research on Cancer
• urinary schistosomiasis can
result to bladder cancer
African trypanosomiasis
• also known as sleeping sickness
• caused by tsetse flies
• 55,000 - death annually
• can kill cattles
Aventis Pharma
• sleeping sickness initiative
• provides key drugs: pentamidine,
melarsoprol, and eflornithine
Neglected tropical diseases
• thirteen parasitic diseases
• 534,000 - deaths each year
• curable and can be prevented
• cost of vaccines is low yet
neglected
statistic about sa mga sakit
 HEALTH
PRODUCTIVITY
POLICY
Productivity
• healthier people - higher wages
• healthier people - better-paying
jobs
Nobel laureate Robert Fogel
• people are taller now than two centuries ago

John Strauss and Duncan Thomas

• taller men earn more money
• 1% increase in height - 7% increase in wages
(middle income countries)
• 1% increase in height - 1% increase in wages
(United States)
• taller men get more education than short men
Health system
• promote, restore or maintain
health
• public health departments, clinics,
hospitals, and offices of doctors and
paramedics
FACTS:
• health system in some
developing countries is way
better than other
Health system measurement
• overall level of health of the population
• health inequalities within the population
• health system responsiveness
• the distribution of responsiveness
within the population
• distribution, or fairness, of the health
system’s financial burden within the
population.
• Ministries of health - extending
health for remote rural areas
• public health operation favors the
wealthy people
• doctors tend to work in cities or
migrate
An effective government role in health system is
crucial in four ways:
• health is central to poverty alleviation
• household spend too little on health
• market would invest too little in health
infrastructure and research and development
and technology transfer to developing countries
due to market failures
• public health programs in developing countries
have many proven successes