Chapter Four

WAYBILLS AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS

Learning Objective:
The participant should be aware of the waybills used in road
transportation (inland and international), the liabilities of the actors
involved, the international transit document (TIR carnet) and the
conclusion of road transport contracts.

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Waybill for Inland and International Transportation

Objective:
The participant should be aware of the waybills used in road
transportation (inland and international).

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• There are three groups of documents that must be available on
the board of vehicles on international routes:
Documents concerning the Documents concerning the Documents concerning the
driver vehicle shipment
 International driver’s licence  Vehicle registration  CMR
 Identification documents  TIR carnet
 Employment declaration  Technical inspections  Customs documents for
 Tachograph charts or  Permission for entry to the shipment
control book of driver country (or transit through)  ATA carnet (if temporary
 Medical Insurance  Proof of insurance admission)
 Drivers Diploma’s Related to  TIR certificate
Certain Categories of goods  Carnet de passage
 ATP certificate

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Assessment

Please decide which documents must be available in the

vehicle during international transportation: (right / wrong)
• Customs documents for shipment
• Bill of Landing
• TIR carnet
• CMR
• Invoice for shipment

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Re Assessment

Please decide right /wrong:

1. The carrier is liable for the correct documentation of the shipment.
2. The carrier has to note all defects of shipment during taking over for excluding if his
liability.
3. The control of the weight of the shipment before and after transportation is
chargeable additionally.
Ethiopian Case
4. The carrier exempt from liability when loss happen due to negligence of the claimant
5. The liability of the carrier can exceed SDR 3.5 per kilogram
6. When the carrier liable to pay compensation due to failure to deliver goods an
amount 2 and 1/2 times the freight amount payable for the good delayed that can
exceed the total freight payable.

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Transport Contract Fulfilment for the case of Ethiopia

Objective:
The student should be able to understand about the detail points of
the consignment note and its particular points for the case of Ethiopia

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Copies of Consignment Note

• According to Ethiopian Law (Proclamation 547)

• The consignment note shall be made out in three original copies by the
sender: -
• The first copy shall be signed by the sender and shall remain with the carrier
• The second copy shall be signed by the sender and the carrier and shall remain with
the goods
• The third copy shall be signed by the carries and handed by the to the sender after
the goods have been accepted for carriage
• When the goods which are to be carried have to be loaded in different
vehicles or are of different kinds or are divided into different lots, the
sender or the carrier shall have the right to require a separate consignment
note to be made out for each vehicle or for each kind or lot of goods

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Particulars in the Consignment Note

The consignment note shall contain the following particulars:

• the date of the consignment notes and the p lace at which it is issued,
• the name and address of the sender,
• the name and address of the carrier,
• the place and the date of taking over of the goods and the place designated for delivery,
• the name and address of the consignee,
• the description and the nature of the goods and the method of packing, and, in the case of
dangerous goods, their generally recognized description,
• the number of packages and their special marks and numbers,
• the gross weight of the goods or their quantity otherwise expressed,
• charges relating to the carriage; supplementary' charges and other charges incurred from the
making of the contract to the time of delivery,
• attachment of the requisite instructions for Customs and other formalities in accordance with the
stipulation of this Proclamation.

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Other notes, where applicable shall also contain the following
particulars: -
• a statement that transshipment is not allowed,
• the charges which the sender undertakes to pay,
• a declaration of the value of the goods,
• the sender's instructions to the carrier regarding the insurance of the goods,
• the agreed time-limit within which the carriage is to be carried out and the
route whereby the goods are to be carried,
• a list of the documents handed to the carrier

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Other documents, can also be take the form
• Where the sender and carrier agree, a consignment note may be
replaced by any other document, such as a receipt delivered by the
carrier on the sender having made all appropriate statements.
• If the receipt mentioned in Sub-Article (1 above) of this Article, or
other document contains a statement contrary to the provisions of
this Proclamation, the contract shall have effect in accordance with
the stipulations of this Proclamation

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International Customs Transit Document (e.g. carnet
TIR)
Objective:
The participant should be aware of TIR carnet, and of the relevant
receivers of it.

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TIR Carnet
• TIR is a customs agreement initiated by the IRU (International Road
Transport Union, based in Geneva).
• It is based on the idea of simplifying customs procedures by using
certified vehicles that can be sealed.
• This means, that a vehicle must have a certificate of approval
(accompanied by two photos of the vehicle).
• The approval is issued by customs after thorough inspection concerning:
• The ability to seal the vehicle
• No hidden compartments
• Materials used (canvas trailers)
• Applying TIR signs.

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sheeted vehicle

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Benefits of TIR
• Efficient and fast
• With TIR, goods are contained in sealed load compartments, and the contents
are detailed in a TIR Carnet. This essential document accompanies the driver
and the cargo along its journey.
• Customs simply have to verify the Carnet and that the seals are intact, rather
than spend time to open the container and physically check the load, and
report the transit via a state-of-the art computer system
• Secure
• A TIR container is securely closed with a customs seal, so border officials know
that the cargo has not been tampered with at any point along its journey. They
can be sure that what is in the container is exactly what is on the TIR Carnet.

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• Cost-effective
• Faster border crossings for truck drivers means lower costs for
transport operators, and the customs authorities that inspect the
shipments.
• TIR also dramatically reduces administrative and financial burdens
with one international guarantee for a transport operator, replacing
costly guarantees in each country of transit.
• Customs authorities also benefit from the international guarantee,
covering the risk of non-payment of customs duties and taxes.

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• The approved vehicle can be used for transports under coverage of
the TIR Carnet.
• Inspection is done every two years by customs officials in the country
of origin.
• The TIR Carnet can be used for all transport from EU member states to
countries outside the EU and outside the EFTA.
• A TIR Carnet is not issued until a guarantee of $ 50,000 has been paid.
• This ensures that duties will always be covered in case of fraud or loss
of the load.

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• At the Customs office of departure, which usually is the one where export formalities
are performed, the Customs authorities check the load on the basis of information
contained in the TIR Carnet (goods manifest) completed by the transport operator.
• Customs authorities seal the load compartment, report it in the TIR Carnet, keep one
sheet (white voucher) and fill-in the corresponding counterfoil.
• The TIR Carnet is handed back to the transport operator, who starts the transport
operation.
• When crossing the outgoing border of that country, Customs authorities check the
seals, detach a second sheet (green voucher) from the TIR Carnet and fill-in the
corresponding counterfoil.
• The vehicle may leave the country.
• The filled-in counterfoils by Customs provide evidence to the transport operator that
the TIR operation in that country has been terminated.

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• Customs authorities will then proceed with the discharge of the TIR
operation; i.e. the recognition by Customs that the TIR operation has
been terminated correctly
• according to the required procedure the outgoing Customs office (i.e.
that at the border) sends the detached sheet (green voucher) to the
office of departure.
• The latter compares the received sheet with the one it initially
retained.
• If there are no objections and no reservations by the outgoing office,
the TIR operation can be discharged by the Customs authorities.

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• In every traversed country, the system is similar to the one implemented
in the country of departure.
• The incoming Customs office of transit checks the seals and withdraws
one sheet from the TIR Carnet, and the outgoing office proceeds likewise.
• Both sheets are compared for a final control and the TIR operation can be
discharged or, in the case of irregularities, submitted to the procedure.
• In the country of destination, if the incoming border office also is the
office of destination, it fills-in the TIR Carnet, retains two sheets and
becomes responsible for the goods to be transferred to another Customs
procedure (warehousing, import clearance, etc.).

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Customs and other formalities for the case of Ethiopia

• The base of this part is from Proclamation to amend carriage of goods by land (Proclamation 547). The
detail points are:
1. For the purpose of the Customs or other formalities which have to be completed before delivery of
the goods, the sender shall attach the necessary documents to the consignment note or place them
at the disposal of the carrier and shall furnish him with all the information which he requires.
2. The carrier shall not be under any duty to enquire into either the accuracy or the adequacy of the
documents and information referred to the above point (1) of this article.
3. The sender shall be liable to the carrier for any damage caused by the absence, inadequacy or
irregularity of such documents and information, except in the case of some wrongful act or neglect
on the part of the carrier.
4. The liability of the carrier for the consequences arising from the loss or incorrect use of the
documents specified in and accompanying the consignment note or deposited with the carrier shall
be that of an agent.
5. That the compensation payable by the carrier shall not exceed that payable in the event of the
goods.

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ATA Carnet

• Carnets are like 'passports for goods' or `Merchandize pass port` replacing the
need for usual customs documentation.
• They allow fast, trouble free importation into countries belonging to the Carnet
scheme without the need to pay duty and/or local tax at the time of import. 
• Without an ATA Carnet it would be necessary to go through each country's
Customs procedures for the temporary admission of goods.
• The ATA Carnet is an international customs document that permits duty-free and
tax-free temporary import of goods for up to one year.
• The initials “ATA” are an acronym of the French and English words “Admission
Temporaire/Temporary Admission”.

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 They can be used for
multiple trips, are valid for
one year and cover over 70
countries.

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• Carnets can be used for three main
categories of goods:
• Commercial samples (the Carnet is a
commercial document, and as such values
shown must reflect the current retail value
in the UK) 
• Goods for presentation or use at trade
fairs, shows, exhibitions or similar events 
• Professional equipment (which is solely for
use by, or under the personal supervision
of the holder or his nominated
representative). 

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The cost of a Carnet
• ATA Carnets guarantee overseas customs authorities that all duties and taxes will be paid to them if the
conditions under which they allow the goods into the country are breached.
• Chamber International is responsible, through an international chain of guaranteeing associations, for
paying any charges that become due on goods covered by Carnets issued. 
• Security is therefore required to accompany your application and is fully refundable as long as the
conditions of use have not been breached. 
• The amount of security required is equal to the highest rate of duty and tax  applicable to the goods in the
country(ies) to which the goods are being des patched.
• Fees vary by country and are determined by the value of the goods, the number of countries to be visited,
the costs for security, insurance or other services.
• The amount to the nearest pound can be deposited with Chamber International in one of the following
ways: 
• Bank Guarantee
• Bank Draft
• Cash or BACS payment

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• A Carnet may not be used for:
• Goods to be sold or hired out abroad for financial gain
• Perishable or consumable items (as they would not normally be re-exported)  
• Goods which are temporarily exported for processing or repair 
• Goods on which a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) refund will be claimed  
• Goods used as a means of transport  
• The exportation of unaccompanied goods, or by post  
• Foreign goods temporarily imported into the EC under a Customs Temporary
Importation Concession  
• Equipment to be used for the construction, repair or maintenance of buildings
or for earthmoving and like projects.

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Who else benefits?
• Trade shows and fairs that will
more easily attract foreign
exhibitors;
• Tourism and transport industries;
• Entertainment industry and
concert promoters;
• Sports events like the Olympic
Games;
• Countries wishing to take full
advantage of the global economy.
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Please decide right / wrong:
1. The TIR Carnet was improved for simplifying customs procedures by using
certified vehicles that can be sealed.
2. The TIR inspection is done every five years by customs officials in the country
of origin.
3. After the lorry is loaded and the Carnet is filled out, the first pages remain at
the customs office.
Ethiopian Cases,
4. The carrier is not liable for any of incorrect use of documents specified in the
consignment note.
5. Customs formalities always completed after delivery of the goods to the
receiver.

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