Variables

NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Melchi S. Vincoy
A variable is a concept- a noun
that stands for variation within
a class of objects
Classification of Variable Based on
Three Criteria
According to Functional Relationship

According to Continuity of Scale

According to Level of Measurement

According to Functional Relationship

1. Independent
• Influences the variation of another variable

2. Dependent
• Influenced or affected by another variable
Example:
A study on the effect of using total “Bottom-Up”
management style was conducted and its effect
on the performance and attitude towards work
among employees was observed.
1. Independent
• “Bottom-Up” Management Style
2. Dependent
• Performance and attitude towards work among
employees
 According to Continuity Scale

1. Discrete
• Can assume values which are whole numbers

2. Continuous
• Can take any real value in a specified set of values
Example:

1. House Density
2. Number of Senior High Students
3. Height of students
4. Weight of students
 According to Levels of Measurement

1. Nominal
• Values that serve as label, name, or code for category

2. Ordinal
• Pertains to rank or order of categories

3. Interval
• The distance between values where there is no absolute zero value

Ratio
• All ordering and distance properties of n interval scale. Zero point is definite.