2.

SEISMIC LOADS
 2.1 General introduction
 Earthquake is a sudden random motion, or trembling , in
the earth’s crust caused by abrupt release of accumulated
strains in rocks below, volcanic activity, landslides and
collapse of underground caves.
The accumulated strain usually generated by dislocation of
the crust by faulting
Seismic (Earthquake) load is an indirect load which is
generated by seismic waves
2.1 General introduction
2.1 General introduction
 Seismic Forces are lateral forces
which makes theground moves
horizontally(also vertically) and
inertia of the building tries to
keep it from moving.
 The resulting force on the building can
be modeled as the lateral force (shear
force on the base of the structure
2.1 General introduction
The Aim of Earthquake Resistant Design
To prevent structural damage and limit non structural damage
 To prevent collapse during the worst credible event, although
accepting some structural damage may occur ( the structure
must not collapse or suffer damage that threatens life safety
during sever Earthquake)
Structural damage: Vertical and lateral force resisting
systems , e.g. frames and shear
walls
Non structural : chimney collapsing , windows breaking or
ceiling falling, piping damage, disruption of pupms ,
telecommunications etc.
2.12 Structural damage
Building configuration
Regular or Irregular structures
Vertically regular structure Vertically irregular structure
Vertical structural Irrs.
(a)Soft story
Vertical structural Irrs.
(b) Mass irregularity
Vertical structural Irrs
c)Vertical geometric irregularity
Vertical structural Irrs
d) in-plane discontinuity
Fundamental requirement Of EQ Resistant Design
Compliance Criteria
Compliance Criteria(contd)
Basic principle of conceptual dessign
Earth quake Analysis
EBCS8 Elastic Design Spectra
Equivalent Static Analysis
Design Spectrum Acceleration
Seismic Hazard map of Ethiopia
Importance Factors For Buildings