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CCNA
Lecture 6
 Ping
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 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

o Echo
o Echo Response
o RTT
 Commands
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 PING
 -a
 -t
 -n
 -l
 ARP
 Tracert
• Until TTL on a packet reaches zero (0)
 Ethernet
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Developed in the 1970s by DEC + Intel and Xerox = DIX Ethernet

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) = Mid 80’s
IEEE Developed Project 802 = CSMA/CD = aka Ethernet 802.3
802.3ab 1999 = 1000 Base T
802.3an 1006 = 10G Base T
802.3bg 2011= 40 G NOT ON COPPER

Side Note
IEEE 802.11 = Wireless
IEEE 802.16 = Wimax
 Data Link Layer
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 Logical Link Control (LLC): Transitions up to the

network layer
 MAC: Transitions down to the physical layer
 CSMA/CD
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 CSMA/CD..
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 CSMA/CD..
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 Types of “Casting”
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 192.168.0.1

 Unicast

 Multicast

 Broadcast
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