Overall Structure

• The general structure of a full

article
– Title
– Authors Make them easy for
searching (informative,
– Abstract attractive, effective)
– Keywords
– Main text (IMRAD)
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• And
• Discussion (Conclusions)
– Acknowledgements
– References
– Appendix (Supplementary
material)
 Which part do you write first?
• No right answer
Tell your preference!
– Title
– Abstract
– Introduction Team Activity #1
– Methods
1. Discuss the order of writing
– Results and discussion within a team
– Conclusions
2. Share the idea with other
– Figures and tables teams
 Title
• Title: What the paper is broadly about.
Seismic Levee System Fragility
Considering Spatial Correlation of
Demands and Component Fragilities

• Good title?
– Adequately describes the paper with fewest possible words
– Identifies the main issue of the paper
– Begins with the subject of the paper
– Is accurate, unambiguous, specific, and complete
– Has no infrequently-used abbreviations
– Attracts readers
 Authors and Affiliations
• Indicate your family (last) name and given (first) name
clearly.
– Different style is used for family and given name when your
article is cited.
• Use consistent name and affiliation
– Alternative spellings lead to online confusion
• Dong Youp Kwak; Dongyoup Kwak, Dong-Youp Kwak
• Hanyang University; Hanyang Univ.; Hanyang Univ., ERICA

Dong Youp Kwak,a) M.EERI , Jonathan P. Stewart,a) M.EERI ,

Scott J. Brandenberg, a) M.EERI , and Atsushi Mikami b)
 Abstract
• What has been done and what are the main findings.
• Two types of abstract:
– Indicative (descriptive) abstract outlines the topics covered.
Often used in review article or conference paper.
– Informative abstract summarizes the article based on IMRAD
structure. ISeismic levee performance is most readily computed for short segments hav-
ing consistent geometry, soil conditions, and seismic demands. Spatial variations
of seismic demands and of segment capacities significantly influence system risk,
which is critical for flood protection because any segment failure within the sys-
tem can cause inundationM. We present a methodology to compute the probability
of seismic levee system failure conditional on individual segment fragility and
spatial correlations of demands and of capacities. Seismic demands are estimated
from ground motion prediction equations; their correlation is available in the lit-
erature. Capacities and their correlation are derived from levee damage observa-
tions from a levee system in Japan shaken by two earthquakes.RWe find seismic
capacities to exhibit positive correlations over shorter distances than for demands.
System fragility is computed using Monte Carlo simulations where segment
demand and capacity realizations are generated to account for spatial correlations.
DWefind that the probability of system failure is lower than would be obtained
under an assumption of no correlation and that damage probability increases as
the number of components in the system increases. [DOI: 10.1193/
083115EQS132M]
 Abstract
• Abstract is the advertisement of your article.
• Good abstract:
– Precise and Honest
• An abstract should precisely reflects the content of a paper
• An abstract cannot include anything not mentioned in the main text.
– Stand-alone
• The abstract should be understood without reading the whole article
– No uncommon technical jargons or citations
• Normally no reference should be cited in abstract.
– Brief and specific
• Do not include too many details and uninformative descriptions.
 Keywords
• How your manuscript should be labeled or categorized
• Good keywords:
– Avoid words with broad meaning
– If abbreviations are selected, those words should be firmly
established in the field.
• Check GUIDE FOR AUTHORS for any description of
keywords
Seismic Levee System Fragility
Considering Spatial Correlation of
Demands and Component Fragilities Possible keywords (up to 5):
a)
Dong Youp Kwak, M.EERI , Jonathan P. Stewart, M.EERI ,
Scott J. Brandenberg, a) M.EERI , and Atsushi Mikamib)
a)
1. Levee
Seismic levee performance is most readily computed for short segments hav- 2. Seismic Fragility
3. System Fragility
ing consistent geometry, soil conditions, and seismic demands. Spatial variations
of seismic demands and of segment capacities significantly influence system risk,
which is critical for flood protection because any segment failure within the sys-
tem can cause inundation. We present a methodology to compute the probability

4. Spatial Correlation
of seismic levee system failure conditional on individual segment fragility and
spatial correlations of demands and of capacities. Seismic demands are estimated
from ground motion prediction equations; their correlation is available in the lit-

5. Monte-Carlo simulation
erature. Capacities and their correlation are derived from levee damage observa-
tions from a levee system in Japan shaken by two earthquakes. We find seismic
capacities to exhibit positive correlations over shorter distances than for demands.
System fragility is computed using Monte Carlo simulations where segment
demand and capacity realizations are generated to account for spatial correlations.
We find that the probability of system failure is lower than would be obtained
under an assumption of no correlation and that damage probability increases as
the number of components in the system increases. [DOI: 10.1193/
083115EQS132M]
 Team Activity #2: Title
• Evaluate titles of papers that you bring.
• Evaluation points:
– Does the title give a full and honest indication of what is in
the paper?
• Sometimes exaggeration of title is observed.
• E.g.: Use of ‘general’ words rather than ‘specific’ words
– Is the title succinct so that it does not have any uninformative
phrases?
• E.g.: ‘discussion’, ‘observation’, ‘study’
– Is the title specific?
 Team Activity #3: Abstract
• Analyze abstracts of the papers
• Analysis points:
– What is the abstract type? Can you find IMRAD?
– Is there any possibility of improvement considering followings?
• Precise and Honest
• Stand-alone
• No uncommon technical jargons or citations
• Brief and specific