CPEELC24P

BASIC CONCEPTS
Presented by: Engr. Lidel T. Alcaide
 ESENTATION OUTLIN
PR E
IMPORTANT THINGS METHODS OF
TO REMEMBER ANALYSIS

BASIC LAWS CIRCUIT

THEOREMS
 TERMS
Electric circuit - it is an
interconnection of electrical elements.
Charge - it is an electrical property of
the atomic particles of which matter
consists, measured in coulombs (C).
Electric Current - it is the time rate of
change of charge, measured in
amperes (A).
 TERMS
Direct Current (DC) - it flows only in one
direction and can be constant or time
varying.
Alternating Current (AC) - it is a current
that changes direction with respect to time.
Voltage (or potential difference) - it is the
energy required to move a unit charge from
a reference point (-) to another point (+),
measured in volts.
 TERMS
Power - it is the time rate of
expending or absorbing energy,
measured in watts (W).
Energy - it is the capacity to do work
measured in joules (J).
 FORMULAS
1 electron = -1.602 × 10^-19 (C)
1 proton = 1.602 × 10-^19 (C)
FORMULAS
 EXAMPLE #1 SOLUTION:
Calculate the amount of
charge represented by Qf = Qi × e
6.667 billion electrons. Qf = -1.602 × 10^-19 C (6.667 billion)
Qf = -1.068 × 10^-9C or -1.068nC
Given:
e = 6.667 billion
Qi = -1.602 × 10^-19 C

Required:
Qf = ?
 EXAMPLE #2 SOLUTION:
To move charge Q from point b
to point a requires 25 J. Find the
V = E/Q
voltage drop if: (a) Q = 5C, (b) Q
= -10C.
Va = 25 J / 5 C
Given: Required:
Va = 5V
E = 25 J Va = ?
Qa = 5 C Vb = ?
Vb = 25 J / -10 C
Qb = -10 C
Vb = -2.5V
 EXAMPLE #3 SOLUTION:
Find the power delivered to an (a) Va = 3i = 3 (5 cos (60𝝅t) )
element at t = 3 ms if the current = 15 cos (60𝝅t) V
entering its positive terminal is Pa = VI = 15 cos (60𝝅t) V (5 cos (60𝝅t) A)
i = 5 cos (60𝝅t) A = 75 cos^2 (60𝝅t) W
and the voltage is: (a) v = 3i, = 75 cos^2 (60𝝅 × 0.003s) W
(b) v = 3 di/dt = 75 cos^2 (0.56548667) W
= 75 (0.71288964) W
Given: Required: = 53.47 W
t = 3ms Pa = ?
i = 5 cos (60𝝅t) A Pb = ?
Va = 3i
Vb = 3 di/dt
 EXAMPLE #3 SOLUTION:
(b) Vb = 3 di/dt = 3 (-60𝝅)(5 sin (60𝝅t) ) V
Find the power delivered to an
= -900𝝅 sin (60𝝅t) V
element at t = 3 ms if the current
Pb=VI= -900𝝅 sin (60𝝅t) V (5 cos (60𝝅t) A)
entering its positive terminal is
= -4500𝝅 sin (60𝝅t) cos (60𝝅t) W
i = 5 cos (60𝝅t) A
= -4500𝝅 sin (60𝝅× 0.003s) cos
and the voltage is: (a) v = 3i,
(60𝝅× 0.003s) W
(b) v = 3 di/dt
= -4500𝝅 sin (0.56548667)
Given: Required: cos(0.56548667) W
t = 3ms Pa = ? =-14137.16694(0.53582679)
i = 5 cos (60𝝅t) A Pb = ? (0.84432792) W
Va = 3i = -6.396 kW
Vb = 3 di/dt
 EXAMPLE #4 SOLUTION:
How much energy does a 100-
W electric bulb consume in two
E = Pt
hours?
= 100 W (7200 s)
Given:
= 720000 J
P =100 W
= 720 kJ
t = 2h (60min/h)(60s/min)
= 7200 s

Required:
E=?
 TWO TYPES OF
CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
1. Active Components - they are electric
components which supplies energy to
a circuit. They have the ability to
electrically control electron flow.
2. Passive Components - they are
electric components which can only
receive energy, which it can either
dissipate, absorb or store in an electric
field. They do not need any form of
electrical power to operate.
TWO TYPES OF POWER SOURCE
1. Independent Source - it is an active element that provides a
specified voltage or current that is completely independent of
other circuit elements
TWO TYPES OF POWER SOURCE
2. Dependent Source - it is an active element in which the
source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current.
TYPES OF DEPENDENT SOURCES

VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED CURRENT-CONTROLLED
VOLTAGE SOURCE (VCVS) VOLTAGE SOURCE (CCVS)
TYPES OF DEPENDENT SOURCES

VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED CURRENT-CONTROLLED
CURRENT SOURCE (VCCS) CURRENT SOURCE (CCCS)
 Given: Required:
EXAMPLE #5 V1 = 20V I1 = 5A P1 = ?
P2 = ?
V2 = 12V I2 = 6A
Calculate the power supplied V3 = 8V I3 = 0.2I1 P3 = ?
or absorbed by each element P4 = ?
in the circuit below:
SOLUTION:
P1 = VI = -(20V)(5A) ∑P = 0
= - 100W P1+P2+P3+P4 = 0
P2 = VI = (12V)(5A) -100W + 60W +
= 60W 48W - 8W = 0
P3 = VI = (8V)(6A)
= 48W
P4 = VI = -(8V)(0.2I1 A)
= -(8V)(0.2)(5A)
= -8W
 Given: Required:
EXAMPLE #6 V1 = 5V
V2 = 2V
I1 = 9A
I2 = 4A
P1 = ?
P2 = ?
V3 = 0.6I3 I3 = 5A P3 = ?
Compute the power supplied
V4 = 3V P4 = ?
or absorbed by each
component in the circuit below: SOLUTION:
P1 = VI = -(5V)(9A) ∑P = 0
= - 45W P1+P2+P3+P4 = 0
P2 = VI = (2V)(9A) -45W + 18W +
= 18W 12W +15W = 0
P3 = VI = (0.6)(5)V(4A)
= 12W
P4 = VI = (3V)(5A)
= 15W
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
ONE MILLIVOLT IS ONE MILLIONTH OF A VOLT
(a) True (b) False

THE PREFIX MICRO STANDS FOR:

(a) 10^6 (b)10^3 (c)10^-3 (d)10^-6
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
THE VOLTAGE 2,000,000V CAN BE EXPRESSED IN POWERS OF 10 AS:

(a) 2mV (b) 2kV (c) 2MV (d) 2GV

A CHARGE OF 2C FLOWING PAST A GIVEN POINT EACH

SECOND IS A CURRENT OF 2A.

(a) True (b)False

 REVIEW QUESTIONS
THE UNIT OF CURRENT IS:
(a) coulumb (b) ampere (c) volt (d) joule

VOLTAGE IS MEASURED IN:

(a) watts (b) amperes (c) volts (d) joules per second
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
A 4A CURRENT CHARGING A DIELECTRIC MATERIAL WILL
ACCUMULATE A CHARGE OF 24C AFTER 6S.

(a) True (b) False

THE VOLTAGE ACROSS A 1.1KW TOASTER THAT PRODUCES A

CURRENT OF 10A IS:
(a)11kV (b) 1100V (c) 110V (d) 11V
REVIEW QUESTIONS
THE DEPENDENT SOURCE IN THE CIRCUIT BELOW IS:
(a) voltage-controlled current source
(b) voltage-controlled voltage source
(c) current-controlled voltage source
(d) current-controlled current source
SEATWORK
#2
 SEATWORK
1. How much charge is 2. A total charge of
represented by these 300C flows past a
number of electrons? given cross section of
(a) 6.482×10^17
a conductor in 30
(b) 1.24×10^18
seconds. What is the
(c)2.46×10^19
value of the current?
(d)1.628×10^20
 SEATWORK
4. A rechargeable flashlight
3. A lightning bolt
battery is capable of
with 10kA strikes an delivering 90mA for about
object for 15µs. How 12h. How much charge can it
much charge is release at that rate? If its
deposited on the terminal voltage is 1.5V, how
object? much energy can the battery
deliver?
 SEATWORK
5. Find the power absorbed by each of the elements
in the following circuit: