Hydraulic Circuits

Open Loop Circuits

• These are circuits where both the inlet to the hydraulic pump
and the motor (or valve) return are connected to a hydraulic
reservoir.
Advantages :
• 1. Generally less expensive.
• 2. Better for lower pressure applications (below 3000 PSI).
• 3. Simple to maintain and easier to diagnose problems if they
occur.
Disadvantages :
• 1. Could create heat in the system if working pressure exceeds
the relief valve setting when using fixed displacement pumps.
• 2. Reservoir size has to be larger for adequate cooling of the
fluid.
 Closed-loop circuits
• Generally used for hydrostatic transmissions in mobile
applications.
• Mainly used with higher-pressure piston hydraulic pumps and
motors.
• Advantages are:
• 1. Systems can run at higher pressures with less fluid flow so
smaller hydraulic lines can be used.
• 2. Direction can be reversed without the use of valves.
• 3. More control options are available.
• Disadvantages are:
• 1. More expensive components are used.
• 2. May require high-pressure filtration.
• 3. More difficult to diagnose and repair.
Regenerative Circuit
 Regenerative circuit
• The speed of extension in the regenerative
circuit is greater than that for a regular double
acting cylinder.
• But the speed of retraction is similar to the
regular double acting cylinder.
Regenerative Extension stroke
Regenerative Retraction stroke
Load Carrying Capacity of Cylinder
• Load Carrying Capacity of a regenerative
Cylinder during extension is less than that of a
double acting cylinder.
• Power is reduced
• Extending speed is increased at the expense of
reduced load carrying capacity.
Load Carrying Capacity Fload ext = pAr
Ar= Area of rod area.
Pump Unloading Circuit
 Pump Unloading Circuit
• Unloading valve unloads the pump at the end
of the extending and retracting strokes as well
as in the spring-centered position of the DCV.
Double pump Unloading Circuit
Double Pump circuit –Application in a sheet metal punch
press
Hydraulic Cylinder Sequence circuit
Reciprocation Circuit -Automatic
Synchronizing Hydraulic Cylinders
Hooked in parallel
Synchronizing Hydraulic Cylinders
Hooked in series