Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Examples
Arrhenius HCl NaOH
HCl + Mg(OH)2
H2SO4 + NaHCO3
Does pure water conduct electrical current?
Water is a very, very, very weak electrolyte.
H2O H+ + OH-
How are (H+) and (OH-) related?
(H+)(OH-) = 10-14
HA
HA
H+
Strong Acid
A-
Would the
solution be
conductive?
Partial dissociation of HA
HA
H+
Weak Acid
A-
Would the
solution be
conductive?
HA H+ + A-
HA
H+
Weak Acid
A- At any one
time, only a
fraction of
the molecules
are
dissociated.
Strong and Weak Acids/Bases
Strong acids/bases – 100% dissociation into ions
HCl NaOH
HNO3 KOH
H2SO4
Weak acids/bases – partial dissociation,
both ions and molecules
CH3COOH NH3
acid rain (NOx, SOx)
pH of 4.2 - 4.4 in
Washington DC area pH
0-14 scale for the chemists
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
You
are
here!
Increasing acidity
Why is the eastern US more acidic?
http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/isopleths
What is acid rain?
Dissolved carbon dioxide lowers the pH
CO2 (g) + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
Group B
105 107
Db Bh
H2CO3 CO3-2
accepts H+ donates H+
pH
The biological view in the human body
acidic basic/alkaline
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
pa d spi
ce
bl br
sa e
ga
ur
va
nc b na
oo o
re
liv
st
in
gi
re ile l f
a
ric
at
al
ic
ju
fl
ju
u
ic
id
ic
e
e
lu
id
Tortora & Grabowski, Prin. of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th ed., Wiley (2003)
Does the pH influence the
activity of an enzyme?
Gain of H+ Loss of H+
H3N+-CH2-COOH H2N-CH2-COO-
H2N-CH2-COOH
Chime structure
The amino acid glycine - Zwitterion formation
+ -
A dipolar
ion forms.
H2N-CH2-COOH
Chime structure
H3N+-CH2-COO-
intramolecular acid-base reaction
Show how water can be amphoteric.
H2O
+ H + - H+
Dilution
water (solvent) solute
molesinitial = molesfinal
Vinitial
concentrated, Minitial
moles = M x VL