CS8591 – COMPUTER

NETWORKS
PAVETHRA MANIVEL AP/CSE
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
• Definition: Network Topology refers to the way a network is laid out.
Two or more devices connect to a link and forms a Topology.
• 5 Types:
Mesh Topology.
Star Topology.
Tree Topology.
Bus Topology.
Ring Topology.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY
• All the devices are connected to each other.
• Every device has a dedicated point to point link to each and every
device.
• Dedicated – The link carries data/information only between the two
devices it connects.
• No of physical links required to construct a mesh network with ‘n’
devices is n(n – 1) / 2.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY
• No of I/O ports required is n – 1.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Traffic reduced because each connection Difficult installation and re-configuration.
can carry its own data.
Robustness: If one link fails, it does not Bulk wiring occupies more space than the
affect the entire system. available space.
Security: When a data travels on a Hardware required to connect each link
dedicated line, only intended receiver can may be expensive.
see the data.
Easy fault identification and fault Amount of cabling and requirement of
isolation. I/O port is high.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
• All the devices are connected to central controller called HUB.
• Dedicated Point – Exists between every device and hub.
• Devices are not directly linked to one another.
• Hub acts as junction:
• If device 1 wants to send data to device 2, then the device1 sends data to hub,
in-turn the hub sends the data to device2.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Less expensive: Each device needs only Single point of failure: If the hub goes
one link to connect it to any devices. down, the whole network is dead.
Easy installation and reconfiguration Number of nodes in the network depends
on capacity of hub.
Robustness: If any one link fails, it does
not affect the entire system.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
TREE TOPOLOGY
• Variation of Star Topology.
• Nodes in a tree are linked to a central hub that controls the traffic to
the network.
• Every device is not directly connected to the hub.
• Many devices are connected to a secondary hub which in turn is
connected to the central hub.
• Central hub – Active hub – Contains a repeater which is hardware
device that regenerates the strength of the signal.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
TREE TOPOLOGY
• Secondary hubs are called passive hubs.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
TREE TOPOLOGY
• The addition of secondary hubs has two advantages:
• It allows more devices to be attached to the central hub with the help of
secondary hub.
• Allows the network to isolate and prioritize communication from different
computers.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
• All the devices are connected to a single cable called bus.
• Every device communicates with other device through this bus.
• Nodes are connected to the bus cable by dropline and taps.
• Dropline – Connection between device and main cable.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
• Advantages:
• Easy installation
• Cable required is least when compared to mesh topology.
• Redundancy is eliminated.
• Disadvantages:
• Difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation.
• A fault break in the cable stops the transmission.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
• Each device has a dedicated point to point line configuration only with
the two devices on either side of it.
• Data / Signal travels around the network in one single direction till the
destination is reached.
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
 UNIT I
INTRODUCTION & PHYSICAL LAYER
TOPIC – NETWORK TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
Advantages:
• Easy installation and reconfiguration.
• To add / delete a device requires changing only two connections.
• Fault isolation is easy.
• Reduced traffic.
Disadvantages:
• Since each data must pass through all the devices between source and
destination, the transmission process is slower.