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Pressure tests

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 .Pressure tests
Ideally, the test pressure
should use the same criteria
as the tubing tests to cover
the scenario of the tubing
leaking during a service load.
It is sometimes possible to
test packers and hangers
without a separate annulus
test, for example pressure
testing the packer from
below.
Because normally there is no
requirement to collapse test
the tubing, many annulus
pressure tests use back-up
pressure on the tubing to
limit collapse loads.

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Packers
Packers provide a structural purpose (anchor the tubing to casing)
and a sealing purpose. They are used in a variety of
applications:
 Isolate the annulus to provide sufficient barriers or casing
corrosion prevention (production packer).
 Isolate different production zones for zonal isolation (e.g.
downhole flow control wells).
 Isolate gravel and sand (gravel pack packer and sump packer).
 Provide an annular seal in conjunction with an ASV.(Annular
safety valves)
 Provide a repair or isolation capability (e.g. straddle packers).

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 Perform logging
Profile perforation - injection and production wells
• Fluid Travel Log
• Spinner Surveys
Identify fluid type for each perforation
• Fluid Density log
Detect fluid movement behind casing
• Fluid Travel Log
• Temperature Log
• Noise Log

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Locating and detecting casing, tubing, and packer leaks
• Fluid Travel Log
• Temperature Log
• Noise Log
• Spinner Surveys
• Flowing Pressure Gradient
Evaluate effectiveness of stimulation
• Temperature Log
• R/A Tracer
Locate sand entry
• Noise Log
• Temperature Log

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Detect gas cap expansion
• All Hydrogen Logs
• Neutron Logs
Detect water migration behind casing
• All Hydrocarbon Logs
• Gamma Ray Log
Testing of zones for fluid type and pressure
• Jet Vac Tester (casing hole tester)
Monitoring casing corrosion
• Corrosion detector
• Casing caliper & USIT
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 Wire line tools

Shifting a Sliding Sleeve

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Sliding Sleeve

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 Nipples and Mandrels

N Nipple and Lock Mandrel

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 Coiled tubing
Sandtrap System
The Sandtrap System is a highly
efficient method of cleaning
out large volumes of sand or
proppant from a wellbore
where sufficient annular
velocity cannot be obtained to
circulate the sand out
conventionally using coiled
tubing. The system
incorporates jet pump
technology and is powered by
water or nitrogen.

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 Debris Catching

In wellbore cleanout situations where sufficient annular velocity cannot

be obtained to carry debris out of the wellbore, foam systems or nitrified
fluids can be used. A time- and cost-saving alternative is a debris catching
system, which is used to remove various types of high-density debris and
formation particles too heavy to be circulated to surface.

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 Sand control

Locate sand entry

• Noise Log
• Temperature Log
 Unexpectedly produced sand can lead to erosion, loss of
integrity and potential fatalities. Conversely, unnecessarily
installing sand control can be expensive and detrimental to
productivity and reservoir management.
 The ability to predict when a reservoir will fail and produce
sand is fundamental to deciding whether to use downhole
sand control and what type of sand control to use. The
production of sand depends on three main components:
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1. The strength of the rock and other intrinsic geomechanical
properties of the rock
2. Regional stresses imposed on the perforation or wellbore
3. Local loads imposed on the perforation or wellbore due to
the presence of the hole, flow, reduced pore pressures and
the presence of water

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• Reservoir management strategies that maintain reservoir
pressure through water or gas injection are likely to reduce
sand production.
• The possibility of compartments that do not receive
pressure support must however be considered.
• Keeping the flowing pressure above the critical bottomhole
pressure will enable some wells to be operated at a ‘sand-
free rate’. This sand-free rate can be quantified by sand
detectors thus avoiding the unnecessary conservatism that
is inherent in most sand production prediction models.

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 Determining of connectivity to gas cap

• Maximizing the wells connectivity with the reservoir can

assist productivity (long horizontal wells, multilaterals, etc.),
but this is expensive.
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• Permanent downhole gauges (PDHGs) are usually
requested by reservoir or surveillance engineers. Their
uses are many and varied and not limited to subsurface
disciplines:
• Assessment of compartmentalisation and well connectivity.
• Determination of connectivity to a gas cap or active
aquifer.
• Voidage control. Some reservoirs are tightly controlled to
ensure that the extracted subsurface volumes are replaced.

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 Formation damage
• The goal of the wellbore cleanout or displacement is to
remove and recover the mud, remove all debris from the
wellbore (including material stuck to the inside of casing),
avoid formation damage, and prepare the well for the
installation of all or part of the completion.
• There are a number of applications for underbalance
drilling, most of which relate to reducing formation damage:
• Low-pressure (usually depleted) gas reservoirs.
• Naturally fractured formations.

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• Coal bed methane (CBM) reservoirs (with or without
depletion).
• Reservoirs with sensitive formations where inhibited fluids
have not worked.

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