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Writing The First: The Organization of The Research Proposal
Writing The First: The Organization of The Research Proposal
Chapter:
The Organization of the
Research Proposal
Prepared by:
09/08/2020
Tips to make impressive introduction
• Begin with a provocative quotation or statement.
• Cite outside references to reinforce your research topic.
• Emphasize a critical and urgent issue, concern or problem
related to the research topic.
• Enumerate a series of relevant and thought provoking
questions. Take note that the introduction is one of the most
important parts of a research paper. Its objective is to
succeed in catching the readers’ attention, raise their level of
curiosity about the research topic, and eventually lead them
to continue reading the entire research study.
The Background of the Study
The background of the study may very well be a
presentation or an exposition of the history of the research
topic. It may show the evolution of the research topic.
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Evaluation Checklist
1. What did you present in your background of the study,
is it
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3. Did you mention the source or sources of your
information? ___yes ____no
4. Did you include the complete details necessary in
citing your sources? ___yes ____no
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Evaluation Checklist
1. Is the paradigm consistent with your research title? __yes
__no. if not revise it.
2. Is the paradigm clearly illustrated, including all the
variables and their interrelationships? __yes __ no.
3. Are the variables in the paradigm clearly.
• Identified, ___yes ___no
• And labeled? ___yes ___no
4. Do you have intervening variables in the paradigm?
___yes __no
5. If yes, are these intervening variables clearly illustrated?
__yes __no
6. Is the paradigm adequately explained in the context of the
research study? ___yes ___no
7. If your are all “yes” (Question #4 may yield a “no”
answer), then continue.
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Evaluation Checklist
1. What type of framework did you adopt? Was it based on theories,
concept or both?
2. Can these theories and concepts serve as the bases for the
framework of your research study?
3. Are there relationships evident in the theoretical/conceptual
framework?
__yes ___no
4. Can you draw a figure that will clearly illustrate the
theoretical/conceptual framework? ___yes ___no
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4. They may include questions based on survey
questionnaires, interviews, observations, experimental and
registration results.
5. They may include questions derived from primary or
secondary data or both.
Take note that the minor problems are the specific objectives in
a research. Unlike the minor problems, specific objectives are
in phrase form and are generally stated in the “to” form. In
other words, all specific objectives begin with the word, “to”.
Furthermore, there are certain points to remember in stating
the research problem. Emphasis should be given on the
following:
1. The statement of the problem should be relevant,
meaningful, and valuable.
2. The statement of the problem should be specific, clear,
precise, limited, appropriate, complete and focused.
3. If the respondent’s profile is important in the research,
it can be included in the minor problems. If otherwise,
then it should not be part of the statement of the
problem.
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Evaluation Checklist
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H0 vs H1
• Null hypothesis (H0 ) is better known as the
Example:
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2. A hypothesis can be written using the hypothesis
significantly “equal or less than/greater than”.
Example:
• H0 : the average life span of a Filipino today
significantly equal or less than 67 years old.
• H1 : the average life span of a Filipino today
significantly equal/greater than 67 years old.
3. A hypothesis can be written using the hypothesis
significantly “equal or greater than/less than”.
• H0 : the average life span of a Filipino today
significantly equal or greater than 67 years old.
• H1 : the average life span of a Filipino today
significantly less than 67 years old.
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- In hypothesis testing, appropriate statistical tests are used. Some require
univariate data analysis while others necessitate the use of multivariate
data analysis.
• Univariate data analysis are generally simpler than multivariate, they
can be computed manually. Involves complicated solutions and thus,
generally entail the use of more sophisticated statistical softwares like
Mathlab, SpSS and SAS.
• In univariate the conclusions generally involve either rejecting or not
rejecting the bull hypothesis, using any of the commonly accepted
significance levels; namely 1% and 5%. And lastly, ay conclusion,
generalization or inference arrived a in relation to the stated hypothesis
can be based either on the arrived probability or on the respective critical
values found in Statistical Tables.
Evaluation Checklist
1. Is the hypothesis/hypotheses of your study based on your
statement of the problem? __yes __no
2. What are your null hypothesis/hypotheses?
3. What are your corresponding alternative
hypothesis/hypotheses?
4. Are the alternative hypotheses the negation of the null
hypothesis and vice versa? __yes __no
5. What hypothesis format did you used?
6. What significance level will you use? __1% ___5%
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1. The Government
2. The Specific Industry
3. Organizations
4. Competitors
5. The Corporate Workplace
8. Other Researchers.
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Evaluation Checklist
1. Have you identified which sectors will benefit from your
study? __yes __no
2. Have identified and analyzed in what ways will these
sectors benefit from your research? __yes __no
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Evaluation Checklist
1. Have you determined the topic areas to be included in your study?
__yes __no
2. Have you identified the topic areas not to be included in your study?
__yes __no
3. What are the constraints of your research?
4. Have you arbitrarily identified your
• Population or sample if needed __yes __no
• The sample units, __yes __no
• The time frame to complete your study? __yes __no
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