Economic dispatch

And unit commitment

Definitions
● Economic Load Dispatch ?
 the process of allocating generation level to the generating
units, so that the system load is supplied entirely and most
economically.

● Objective ?
 to minimize the operation cost ↓
by satisfying the various operational constraints in order met
the load demand.
Load curve
● Plot of load (kW) versus time (day or a year)
Maximum demand:
Not necessary all connected load is switched at the same time.
The greatest of all “short time interval averaged” (15 min/30
min/ 60 min) during a given period (day/month/year).
Also named – system peak.
Not the instantaneous max demand.
Determines – Size and cost of installation.
Average load:

● The average of loads/demands occurring at various events.

(day/month or year).

 Monthly average load?

 Annual average load?

● Base load :
Base load is the minimum load over a given period of time.

● Connected load:
sum of the continuous ratings of all electrical equipment
connected to the supply system is known as connected load.
Definitions
● Demand factor:

Always ……..
Load factor

●=

●=
Diversity factor: (Always > 1)

Always ………………1
a. Greater than
b. Lesser than
c. Equals to 1
d. Zero
Greater the diversity factor  lesser the cost of generation
Diversity factor example
● Consider that a feeder supplies five users with the following
load conditions: On Monday, user one reaches a maximum
demand of 100 amps; on Tuesday, two reaches 95 amps; on
Wednesday, three reaches 85 amps; on Thursday, four reaches
75 amps; on Friday, five reaches 65 amps. The feeder’s
maximum demand is 250 amps.
Plant capacity factor:

= average demand / plant capacity

For one year  annual plant capacity factor=

Load duration curve
Reserve capacity
● Plant capacity – maximum demand