Introduction to

Algorithm
ALGORITHM DEIGN AND ANALYSIS

PREAPARED BY: ABDUL JALIL NIAZAI

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Algorithm VS Program

1. Design 1. Implementation
2. Domain Knowledge 2. Programmer
3. Any Language 3. Programing language
4. Independent of hardware & OS 4. Dependent of hardware & OS
5. Analyze 5. Testing

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Priori Analysis VS Posterior testing

1. Algorithm 1. Program
2. Independent of language 2. Language Dependent
3. Hardware Independent 3. Hardware Dependent
4. Time and Space function 4. Watch time & Bytes

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Characteristic of an Algorithm
Following are the characteristics that an algorithm must have:

1. Input: Each and every algorithm must have an input. It may be zero or some thing
else, i.e. input is necessary.
2. Output: The algorithm will generate result after processing the input.
3. Definitiveness: Each and every Instruction must be cleared and simple that can be
understand by every one.
4. Finiteness: Each algorithm must have proper starting and ending.
5. Effectiveness: Before preparing any algorithm, firstly it should be sketch on the papers.

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Representation of Algorithm
Representation of algorithm is taken place into two ways.
1) Flowchart
2) Pseudocode

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.
Flowchart: A flowchart is a visual representation of an
algorithm's control flow.
To present that visual representation, a flowchart uses
various symbols.

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How to Write an Algorithm
Pseudo code: A textual representation of an algorithm that approximates the final source code.
Example 1: A simple algorithm to swap the values of two variables.

Algorithm swap( a, b)
{
temp = a
a=b
b = temp
}

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Example 2:

DECLARE INTEGER ch=0

DECLARE INTEGER count=0
DO
READ ch
IF ch IS ‘0’ THROUGH ‘9’ THEN
count++;
END IF
UNTIL ch IS ‘\n’
PRINT count
END

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