LET’S PLAY

PROPERTIES OF
A WELL-
WRITTEN TEXT
THESIS STATEMENT: For a text to be well-written, one must
keep in mind these four properties.
I. Organization
II. Coherence and Cohesion
A. Arrangement of details according to . . .
1. Chronological Order
2. Spatial Order
3. Emphatic Order
B. Signal Devices
1. Transitions
a. Time e. Comparison
b. Sequence f. Contrast
c. Space g. Cause and Effect
d. Illustration h. Conclusion
2. Repetitions
3. Synonyms
4. Pronouns
III. Language Use
IV. Mechanics
I. Organization
• It is said that ideas
are well-developed
when there is a clear
statement of purpose,
position, facts.
II. COHERENCE AND
COHESION
COHERENCE: This means
that sentences are
arranged in a logical
manner, making them
easily understood by the
reader.
II. COHERENCE AND
COHESION
COHESION - the property of
unity in a written text or a
segment of spoken
discourse that stems from
links among its surface
elements
Coherence and Cohesion
Example: Be assured of this.
Most people do not want to
fight. However, they will do
so when provoked.
How can we organize
the details of a
paragraph?
II. Coherence and
Cohesion
A. Arrangement of
details according to . . .
1. Chronological Order
2. Spatial Order
3. Emphatic Order
1. CHRONOLOGICAL.
The details are
arranged in the order
in which they
happened.
Example:
This morning was crazy. My alarm clock
was set for PM instead of AM, so I woke
up really late. I just threw on some
clothes and ran out the door. I rode my
bike as fast as I could and thought that I
was going to be late for sure, but when I
got there everyone was outside and there
were firetrucks all lined up in front of
school. I guess somebody pulled the fire
alarm before class started. It worked out
though, because nobody really noticed or
minded that I was tardy.
2. SPATIAL
– The sentences of a
paragraph are arranged
according to
geographical location,
such as left-to-right,
upto-down, etc.
The inside of Bill's refrigerator was
horrible. On the top shelf was a
three week old carton of milk. Next
to it sat a slice of melon that had
started to get moldy. To the right
of the melon sat the remains of a
macaroni and cheese dinner that
had been served a week earlier. On
the shelf below was a slice of cake
from his sister's birthday party.
Though there was food, none of it
was edible.
3. EMPHATIC
– is when information found in
a paragraph is arranged to
emphasize certain points
depending on the writer’s
purpose. The coherence of the
paragraph is established in one
of two ways:
(a) from least to most
important, or (b) from most to
After looking at all the brochures and
talking to several salesmen, I decided to
purchase an SLR camera. For several
years I had been dissatisfied with the
results I was getting from my point-and-
shoot camera. The framing was
imprecise and the focus was not always
accurate. I had planned a vacation to an
area that promised many fabulous photo
opportunities, and I wanted to capture
each one with accuracy. But the most
important reason I decided on the SLR
camera was the great versatility it
offered.
B. Signal Devices
1.Transitions
a. Time e. Comparison
b. Sequence f. Contrast
c. Space g. Cause and
Effect
d. Illustration h. Conclusion
2. Repetitions
3. Synonyms
4. Pronouns
B. Signal Devices
- words that give
readers an idea of how
the points in your
paragraph are
progressing
Examples:
1. Transitions (words that
connect one idea to
another, in order for our
ideas to flow smoothly)
a.Time (first, immediately,
afterward, before, at the
same time, after, earlier,
simultaneously, finally,
next, in the meantime,
later, eventually, then,
meanwhile, now,
subsequent, etc.)
b. Sequence (moreover,
furthermore, next, also,
finally, last, another,
first, second, third,
besides, additionally,
etc.)
c. Space (above, next
to, below, behind,
beside, etc.)
d.Illustration (for
instance, specifically,
for example, namely,
in this case, to
illustrate, etc.)
e.Comparison
(similarly, also, in
the same way, still,
likewise, in
comparison, too,
etc.)
f.Contrast (but,
despite, however,
even though, yet, on
the other hand,
although, on the
contrary, otherwise,
conversely, etc.)
g. Cause and Effect
(because, as a result,
consequently, then,
so, since, etc.)
h. Conclusion (thus,
therefore, in
conclusion, in short,
etc.)
2.Repetitions
(repetitions of main
ideas keep continuity
and highlight
important ideas)
Example of Repetition:
1. If you think you can do it, you can
do it.
2. The boy was a good footballer,
because his father was a footballer,
and his grandfather was a
footballer.
3. The judge commanded, stamping
his mallet on the table, “Order in the
court, order in the court.”
4. The president said, “Work, work,
and work,” are the keys to success.
3. Synonyms (these are
words similar in
meaning to important
words or phrases that
prevent tedious
repetitions)
4. Pronouns (words
that connect readers to
the original word that
the pronouns replace)
Example of Pronouns used in
an actual sentence:
INCORRECT: Rodrigo Duterte is
the 16th President of the
Republic of the Philippines.
Aside from that, Rodrigo
Duterte also served as Davao
City’s Mayor for a long period
of time. Rodrigo Duterte is also
known by the populace as an
CORRECT: Rodrigo Duterte is
the 16th President of the
Republic of the Philippines.
Aside from that, he also
served as Davao City’s Mayor
for a long period of time. He
is also known by the
populace as an adamant
leader. . .
III. LANGUAGE USE -
appropriateness of
word / vocabulary
usage
Words and Phrases one must
avoid to use in order to
practice appropriate
Language Use:
Table of contents
1.Too informal
2.Too unsophisticated
3.Too vague
4.Other tips
IV. MECHANICS - set of
conventions on how to spell,
abbreviate, punctuate, and
capitalize
*Avoid contractions and
exclamation points (unless part
of a direct quotation) *Mention
the full name before the
abbreviation.
*Numbers from 0-10 must be
Quiz 3:
IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the following by writing it on
the space before the item number.
1.This is achieved when these ideas are logically
and accurately arranged.
2. The details of a paragraph are arranged
according to the order in which they happened.
3. It is a set of conventions on how to spell,
abbreviate, punctuate, and capitalize.
4. These are words that connect one idea to
another, in order for our ideas to flow smoothly.
5. This means that sentences are arranged in a
logical manner, making them easily understood
by the reader.
6. These are words similar in meaning to
important words or phrases that prevent
tedious repetitions.
7. The sentences of a paragraph are
arranged according to geographical
location, such as left-to-right, up-to-down,
etc.
8. These are words that give readers an idea
of how the points in your paragraph are
progressing.
9. These are the words that connect readers
to the original word that they replace.
10. To attain this property, one must be
consistent with the use of pronouns.