CLINICAL PHARMACY

- Introduction -
Prepared by: Dr. C. Suhas Reddy
Dept. of Pharmacy Practice
Introduction
Definition-
Clinical pharmacy has been defined as the
services provided by pharmacists to
promote rational drug therapy that is safe,
appropriate and cost-effective.
Introduction

Origin in the hospital pharmacy in US – early 1960’s

While the timing othe emergence of clinical pharmacy practice has

varied from country tocountry, the reasons for its emergence have
been remarkably consistentworldwide.
Reason’s for Clinical Pharmacist evolution
 Reduced requirement for pharmacist prepared products

Pharmacy industries took the role of compounding the medicines at higher

rate , pharmacist left with only dispensing the finished products.

dispensing function could be efficiently and safely undertaken by

pharmacy technicians - under supervision of pharmacist
Reason’s for Clinical Pharmacist evolution
An increase in the number of pharmaceuticals – 1960’s and 1L +

Advance in medicine, science, technology with improved drug screening

and production methods

Improvement in disease diagnosis, monitoring

Increased complexity of information and wide range therapeutic options

Reason’s for Clinical Pharmacist evolution
An increased awareness of drug related morbidity and mortality

Finally, as drug therapy has expanded, so has the opportunity for, and
incidence of, drug-related morbidity and mortality

Not just drug, the way of use also matters, - effectiveness and harm
 1980’s - 1990’s - INDIA
consequences of drug misuse, such as poor health
 

outcomes from drug treatment, antibiotic resistance,

adverse drugr eactions (ADRs) and economic loss to
patients and the wider health care system, were
acknowledged not just by the pharmacy profession,
but also by the medical profession, consumer and
patient organisations and thegovernment.
Introduction
 the need for pharmacists to assume new responsibilities in healthcare, a
problem remained

Existing education Education required –

patient care
pharmaceutics, Pathophysiology,
pharmaceutical chemistry, applied therapeutics,
pharmacology, clinical pharmacokinetics,
industrial pharmacy practice skills- patient
counselig, ADR
management, drug
infromation etc
Introduction
establishment of India’s first degree inPharmacy at Banaras Hindu
University, under the able leadership - Professor Mahadeva Lal
Schroff.
Pharmacist act – 1948 draft – PCI

1st education regulation in 1953,- diploma in pharmacy (D.pharm) – min

qualification - practice pharmacy
Introduction
 Educational regulations in- 1972, 1981, 1991

 1st recognition was in – 1991 – education regulation

 clinical and hospital pharmacy
Community pharmacy
 Health education
DSBM – in D.pharm
As a solution
 Academic leaders, professors- support from overseas

 1st Masters in
Pharmacy Practice programme – JSS Mysore & oozy- 1997
support form - Australian Institution

1998 in TN – Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences,

Coimbatore,
1999- The KLE College of Pharmacy, Belgaum,
 2001- Manipal university
During the evolution of clinical pharmacy  - US
Series of services without clear uniting physiology and idea.

Term pharmaceutical care- 1st – mikeal et al- 1975

1980- brodie et al – elaborated it

1990 – helper & strand – paper publication – concept of pharmaceutical

care
- WIDELY ACCEPTED - all fields
Concept of pharmaceutical care – patient as central focus

Pharmacist directly interact with patient –

all drug related needs & quality care

Need for clinical pharmacy in India
CP – promotion of effective , safe and economical drug therapy

PHARMACY PRACTICE – broad area

Pharmaceutical industries

Prescribers

Pharmacist

Government

Patients
Development of clinical pharmacy

DEVELOPED
AND
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Scope
Hospitals

Industries

Insurance

Government agencies

MNC