BITS Pilani

Pilani Campus

Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)

Lecture -2 [Introduction to Java]

JavaTM Technology

• Characterized by the  Each of these keywords are

following keywords very well explained in “Java
 Simple Language Environment”, a
 Architecture Neutral white paper written by James
 Objected Oriented
Gosling and Henry McGilton
 Portable
 Distributed
 Multithreaded
 High Performance
 Robust
 Dynamic
 Secure

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The JavaTM Programming Language

• All source code is first written in plain text files ending with the .java
extension
• Those source files are then compiled into .class files by the javac
compiler
• A .class file does not contain code that is native to your processor;
it instead contains bytecodes — the machine language of the Java
Virtual Machine (Java VM)
• The java launcher tool then runs your application with an instance
of the Java Virtual Machine
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The JavaTM Programming Language

• Because the Java VM is

available on many
different operating
systems, the same
.class files are capable
of running on Microsoft
Windows, the Solaris
TM Operating System
(Solaris OS), Linux, or
Mac OS

• Through the Java VM,

the same application is
capable of running on
multiple platforms.

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 The Java Platform
• A platform is the hardware
or software environment in
which a program runs
• Microsoft Windows, Linux,
Solaris OS, and Mac OS
• Most platforms can be
described as a
combination of the
operating system and
underlying hardware
• The Java platform differs
from most other platforms
in that it's a software-only
platform that runs on top
of other hardware-based
platforms.
 The Java platform has two
components:
◦ The Java Virtual Machine
◦ The Java Application Programming
Interface (API)
 The API is a large collection of ready-
made software components that
provide many useful capabilities. It is
grouped into libraries of related classes
and interfaces; these libraries are
known as packages 5
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 Creating Your First Application

• Checklist
– The Java SE Development Kit
– A text editor

 Creating application using simple text

editor
 Install JDK
 Check for correct installation
 Create HelloWorldApp.java
 Compile HelloWorldApp.java
 Run HelloWorldApp

 Creating application using Eclipse

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A Sample Java Program

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System.out.println

• Java programs work by having things called

objects perform actions
– System.out: an object used for sending output
to the screen
• The actions performed by an object are called
methods
– println: the method or action that the
System.out object performs

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System.out.println

• Invoking or calling a method: When an object performs

an action using a method
– Also called sending a message to the object
– Method invocation syntax (in order): an object, a dot (period),
the method name, and a pair of parentheses
– Arguments: Zero or more pieces of information needed by the
method that are placed inside the parentheses

System.out.println("This is an argument");

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class Bicycle {
int cadence = 0; The Bicycle
int speed = 0;
int gear = 1;

void changeCadence(int newValue) {

cadence = newValue;
}
void changeGear(int newValue) {
gear = newValue;
}
void speedUp(int increment) {
speed = speed + increment;
}
void applyBrakes(int decrement) {
speed = speed - decrement;
}
void printStates() {
System.out.println(“cadence:” +cadence+ “speed:” +speed+ “gear:”
+gear);
}
} // End of Bicycle
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Running Bicycle
class BicycleDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create two different Bicycle objects

Bicycle bike1 = new Bicycle();
Bicycle bike2 = new Bicycle();

// Invoke methods on those objects

bike1.changeCadence(50);
bike1.speedUp(10);
bike1.changeGear(2);
bike1.printStates();

bike2.changeCadence(50);
bike2.speedUp(10);
bike2.changeGear(2);
bike2.changeCadence(40);
bike2.speedUp(10);
bike2.changeGear(3);
bike2.printStates();
} 11
} BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Questions
1. When you compile a program written in the Java programming language, the
compiler converts the human-readable source file into platform-independent code that
a Java Virtual Machine can understand. What is this platform-independent code called?
Answer: Bytecode

2. Which of the following is not a valid comment:

a. /** comment */
b. /* comment */
c. /* comment
d. // comment
Answer: C

3. What is the correct signature of the main method?

Answer: public static void main(String[] args)

4. When declaring the main method, which modifier must come first, public or static?
Answer: They can be in either order, but the convention is public static

5. What parameters does the main method define?

Answer: The main method defines a single parameter, usually named args, whose type
is an array of String objects

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THANK YOU

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus