CABLE BOLTING

Cable bolting is an established technique used

extensively for reinforcement of the rock mass
adjacent to surface and underground rock
excavations.
 REQUIRED FOR….
• Cable bolting is effective rock reinforcement system
developed and adopted successfully for strata
control in metal ferrous mine. Techniques are
required for both safety and productivity
consideration in rock masses which are unstable in
the required geometrical configuration. In the
mining industry they enable more economical
extraction of ore body through steeper slope in
open pits or increased recovery rates from
underground stopes.
 CABLE BOLTING TECHNIQUE
Bolting technique includes the reinforcing
element like cables, glass fiber bolt, anchor, dowels, bolts,
tendons and bonding element being cement grout or
polyester resin. The installation procedures could be pre-
and-post reinforcement, pre-and post-tensioning, grouted
and un-grouted, bonded or debonded, couple and
uncouple, permanent or temporary reinforcement. The
philosophy behind the reinforcement scheme design is
strata reinforcement, rock support, cable doweling, rock
anchoring, pattern reinforcement and spot bolting. The
cable bolting is a special reinforcement technique for long
column or thick formation using flexible steel rope.
 REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT
Following mentioned reinforcing element like:
• Steel cable
• Nutcase cable bolt
• Fiber glass bolt
• Arapree and weld grip rock bolt
These all have distinct properties and varied
application.
STEEL CABLES
 STEPS
 
• In metal mine or civil application, the diameter of the
hole is governed by the type of drill string available
and the length of hole to be drilled. For coal mining
application, refer to Minicage ® form data sheet.
• Holes are drilled approximately 200mm shorter than
the bolt length. If bolts are to be tensioned, a tail of
between 200 to 500mm is required, dependent on
the type of tensioning unit to be used.
 STEPS (CONT.)
• Plain cable bolts are prepared for installation by
attaching a breather tube to the full length of the
bolt. An excess of breather tube, approximately 2
meters, to protrude from the hole mouth. These
cables can also be installed using an alternate
"retreat" grouting method by withdrawing the grout
tube from the hole.
• Approximately 1 meter of grout tube is attached to
the bottom of the cable with sufficient tail provided
to connect to the pump.
 STEPS (CONT.)
• The cable bolt is inserted into the hole and the
hole mouth sealed to eliminate loss of grout
when pumping.
• Connect the grout tube to the pump. The air
bleed (breather) tube is placed into a container
of water and pumping commenced. Air bubbles
will exhaust from the hole whilst pumping and be
visible in the water container. When the hole is
full of grout, these air bubbles will cease to flow.
 STEPS (CONT.)
• After the grout has cured, the cable bolt can
be tensioned, provided sufficient free length
of cable is available. Note that HDP tubes are
often used to provide a de-bonded section to
allow tensioning.
 ADVANTAGES
• Because of the flexible nature of a cable bolt it
is particularly useful in the reinforcement of
rock strata that is subject to significant
horizontal shifting of the strata layers.
• The flexibility of cable bolts is also particularly
adaptable for insertion in bore holes of a
considerable length
• shifting movement generates shear forces which
can break a steel bar bolt. However, a cable bolt
can withstand substantial lateral deflection due
to shifting of the rock strata before it breaks.
• The effectiveness of a cable bolt to support a
rock formation is determined to a great extent
by the capacity of the cable bolt to resist pull-
out under the loads exerted by fractured rock
strata.
 PROBLEM WITH CABLE BOLT
• One of the major problems associated with the
use of fully grouted cable bolts is the Lack of a
reliable method to monitor the tension that
develops in response to rock mass displacements.
Existing gauges are mounted external to the cable
itself and therefore potentially interfere with the
bond strength in the measurement area. This can
make the results extremely difficult to interpret.