Lecture 3

Computer Hardware
Peripherals
 Outline
• Bus
• Types of slots
• Types of Cards
• Types of connections
• Removable Storage
• Non-Removable Storage
 Bus
• A  set of wires which is used to move data,
address and control between computer
components inside a computer or between
computers
• It can logically connect several peripherals over
the same set of wires unlike a point-to-point
connection
• Types : Internal & external
• Internal Bus: connections to various internal
components
• External Bus: connections to the external
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

• Typical PCI Cards in PCs include

– Network Cards
– Sound Cards
– Modems
– Extra Ports such as USB
– TV tuner card
– Disk Controllers

• Due to the higher bandwidth for

Video cards, it is not used in PCI slot
 PCI Express
• It is introduced by intel in 2004
• It has replaced general purpose PCI expansion
bus and the AGP graphics card interface
• PCI express cards have faster bandwidth than
PCI cards
 PCMCIA
• It is also called PC card, specially
used for Laptop
• PCMCIA comes from Personal
Computer Memory Card
International Association
• It was originally designed for
computer memory expansion
 AGP
• Accelerated Graphics Port
• A high speed point-point channel
for attaching graphics card to
motherboard
• It primarily assist 3D computer
graphics
• It has been replaced by PCI
Express
 Video Card
• It is used to generate and output images to
a display unit
• Some cards offer additional functions
• Video capture
• TV tuner Adapter
• Ability to connect multiple monitors
Video Card
 Sound Card
• It is an expansion card that
– Facilitates the input and output of audio signals
to/from a computer under computer programs
• In Multimedia Application
– Music composition
– Editing audio and video
– Presentation/education
– Entertainment
• Many computers have built-in sound card, where
some computers have additional expansion card
to provide audio capability
 Network Card
• It is an expansion card that allows computers to
– communicate over a computer network
– connect each other by using cables or wireless
• Ethernet is the most widely used technology
• Every Ethernet Network card has 48-bit serial number
called MAC address, which is stored in ROM carried on
the card
Network Card
 Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• It is a serial bus standard to interface devices
• Advantages of USB
– It allows many peripherals to be connected using a
single standardized interface socket
– It improves the Plug and Play capabilities by allowing
devices to be connected and disconnected without
rebooting the computer
– It does not need external power supply
– It allows many devices to be connected without
requiring manufacturer specification
– It is a dominating bus for connecting external devices
to our computer
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
 Firewire
• It is known as IEEE 1394 and i.LINK for Sony
• It is a serial bus interface standard for high-
speed communications, frequently used in a
personal computer.
• It has been adopted as the High Definition
Audio-Video Network Alliance (HANA) standard
connection interface for A/V (audio/visual)
component communication and control.
• Almost all modern digital camcorders have
included this connection.
Firewire
 PS/2 connector
• The PS/2 connector is used for connecting some
keyboards and mice to a PC compatible
computer system.
• The keyboard and mouse interfaces are
electrically similar with the main difference being
that open collector outputs are required on both
ends of the keyboard interface to allow
bidirectional communication.
PS/2 Connector
 Removable Storage
• Removable media is any type of storage device that can be
removed from a computer while the system is running
• CD drive, DVD drive, Flash Drive, Floppy drive, CD or DVD writer
etc.
• They are either built-in or externally connected through USB port
• Flash Drive
– Due to the decreasing of price along with increasing the price of flash
drive, It becomes more popular as removable storage
– Flash drives are usually USB ones either in the form USB sticks or very
small, portable devices.
– USB flash drives are small, fast, removable, rewritable, and long-lasting.
Storage capacities range from 64MB to 32GB or more.
– Kingston DataTraveler Ultimate has a capacity to store 2TB
– A flash drive does not have any mechanically driven parts so as
opposed to a hard drive which makes it more durable and smaller
usually.
USB flash drive
 Non-Removable Storage
• The storage which is mounted in the computer system is
called non-removable storage
• Hard Disk, RAM
• External hard drives have become very popular for
backups, shared drives among many computers
• Usually external hard drive is connected by USB
• A networked hard drive, which allows all computers to
access that hard drive