LITERATURE ON LONG SPAN

BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
Long span structures are today widely applied
mainly for sport buildings as:
• − Stadia
• − Sport halls
• − Olympic swimming pools
• − Ice tracks and skating rinks
• − Indoor athletics
 How long is long -span for buildings

• Structure with span larger than 20m can be

regarded as long span structure for this span is
usually unable to be achieved by ordinary RC
structure.
 Materials suitable for various forms of long
span and complex structure
• 1. All reinforced concrete including precast
• 2. All metal (e.g. mild-steel, structural steel,
stainless steel or alloyed alumimum,
• 3. All timber
• 4. Laminated timber
• 5. Metal/RC combined
• 6. Plastic-coated Textile material
• 7. Fiber reinforced plastic
• The advantage of long-span buildings is that
there is more space inside. Longspan buildings
are popular for sports arenas and other
applications requiring maximum visibility, and
for bulk storage and retail uses requiring large
clear area.
 SPORTS COMPLEX
• A sports complex is an enclosed area, often circular or oval-
shaped,designed to showcase and practice of various sports
events.
• •
• Sports complex will have a stadium complex that is to be the
mostmodern and advance which will be able to facilitate
international sportsand mega-events.

• It will have a dedicated cricket stadium , an outdoor

multipurposestadium for sports like football and rugby.An indoor
multi-purpose stadium for sports like basketball swimmingpool ,
skating rink ,volleyball and a dedicated hockey stadium.
 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF A SPORTS
COMPLEX
• Full provision for all field events
•  A separate warming-up area (desirable)
• Changing and washing facilities for 200 athletes in the proportion two-
thirds male to one-third female
• Additional separate changing accommodation for boys and girls is desirable
• A covered stand to seat least 2000 spectators.
• Appropriate toilet and car parking facilities.
• An announcer’s  box and provision for the press, broadcasting and
television
• Officials’  room
• Equipment rooms and store
• The perimeter of the track not covered by the stand should, if possible,
beterraced to provide further spectator
ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERAL SEATING
• THE TOTAL HEIGHT OF SEAT SHOULD BE 1200MM (4’0”)
• (FROM BASE OF LOWER TREAD TO TOP OF HEIGHT OF MAN)
• SEAT HEIGHT = 450MM (1’6”)
• SEAT WIDTH = 800MM (2’8”)
• SEAT DEPTH/PERSON = 350MM WIDE (1’2”)
• GAP OF ONE PERSON TO LEGS OF OTHER PERSON ON BEHIND ROW =
250MM
• WIDTH OF LEGS OF PERSONS = 200MM (8”)
• TREAD WIDTH = 32- 36”
• RISER = 3 OR 4” TO 22.5”
• WIDTH OF AISLE TREAD = 36”
 TYPES OF SEATING
• SEATING WITH BACKS, FIXED AND FOLD-UP
o ROW WIDTH 780-800MM RECOMMENDED
o MINIMUM CLEAR SEAT WAY 305MM
o WIDTH OF SEATS 460-500MM FOR SEATS WITHOUT ARMS 500MM FOR
SEATS WITH ARMS

• BENCHES WITHOUT BACKS

o ROW WIDTH 610MM MIN RECOMMENDED
o MINIMUM CLEAR SEAT WAY 400MM
o WIDTH OF SEATS 460-500MM
o THESE ALLOW CLOSER SPACING BUT ARE LESS COMFORTABLE.