CHAPTER 9

F-TEST AND
ONE-WAY ANOVA
F-distribution
It is the distribution of all
possible values of the f statistic.
◎Simple Test
◎One-way analysis of variance

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F-statistic
F = s² 1

s² 2

s ² = variance of sample 1
1

s ² = variance of sample 2
2

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Degree of Freedom

df = degree of freedom
N = sample size
R = number of rows
C = number of columns

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Hypothesis Testing Procedure
1. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis
2. Decide the level of significance
3. Choose the appropriate test statistic.
4. Establish critical region
5. Compute the value of the statistical set
6. Decide whether to accept of reject the null hypothesis
7. Draw conclusion

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A. Simple F-test
Example:
Maria Makiling, a young banker, has moved from Makati to Taguig , where she
has recently been promoted and made the manager of City Bank. After a few
weeks, she has discovered that maintaining the correct number of tellers seems to
be more difficult than it was when she was a branch assistant manager in Makati..
She wonders if the number of customers at her new branch is simply more
variable than the number of customers at the branch where she used to work with
0.05 level of significance:
Taguig branch: 156, 278, 134, 202, 236, 198, 187, 199, 143, 165, 223
Makati branch: 345, 332, 309, 367, 388, 312, 355, 363, 381

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Solution:

Step 1: Ho : σT² = σM²

Ha : σT² ≠ σM²

Step 2: a= 0.05

Step 3: F- test

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Solution:
Step 4: Critical Value 3.3472
s ² = 1828.56
T

s ² = 795.19
M

dfT = 11-1 = 10
dfM = 9-1 = 8
a= 0.05

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Solution:
Step 5: s ² = 1828.56
T

s ² = 795.19
M

F = 1828.56
795.19

F = 2.30

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Solution:
Step 6: Accept Ho Computed Value of F Critical Value of F
Reject Ha 2.30 3.35

Step 7: The variance of customers in her office is the same as it was in the
old office.

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B. F-test in Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
It is based on analyzing where the total variance comes from. If you picked one x,
the source of its variance, its distance from the grand mean, would have two parts:
• how far it is from the mean of its sample, and
• how far its sample’s mean is from the grand mean.

Variance within groups Variance between groups

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B. F-test in Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Example
The young bank manager in Example 1 is still struggling with finding the best
way to staff her branch. She knows that she needs to have more tellers on Fridays
than on other days, but she is trying to find if the need for tellers is constant across
the rest of the week. She collects data for the number of transactions each day for
two months. Here are her data:

Mondays: 276, 323, 298, 256, 277, 309, 312, 265, 311
Tuesdays: 243, 279, 301, 285, 274, 243, 228, 298, 255
Wednesdays: 288, 292, 310, 267, 243, 293, 255, 273
Thursdays: 254, 279, 241, 227, 278, 276, 256, 262

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Solution:

Step 1: Ho : mm = mtu = mw = mth

Ha : mm ≠ mtu ≠ mw ≠ mth

Step 2: a= 0.05

Step 3: F- test in one-way ANOVA

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Solution:
Step 4: Critical Value 2.923

Variance between= 529.59

Variance within = 1718.53
dfvb = 8+8+8+7 = 30
dfvw = 4-1 = 3
a= 0.05

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Solution:
Step 5: Variance between = 529.59
Variance within = 1718.53

F = 1718.53
529.59

F = 3.25

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Solution:
Step 6: Reject Ho Computed Value of F Critical Value of F
Accept Ha 3.25 2.92

Step 7: The mean number of transactions is not equal on different days of

the week, or at least there is one day that is different from others

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THANK YOU!