B Tech, Pgdom, PHD: Area of Interest

Centre for
Continuing Education
Session conducted by
Dr Rajesh Gupta
B Tech, PGDOM, PhD
Area of interest
• Operations management
• Project Management
• Quantitative Techniques
• Quality Management
UPES – The Nation Builders University
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
19th May 2018
Centre for
Alpha solutions private limited – Planning under time and resource constraint
The managing director of Alpha solutions, Mr. Mehra, was pacing in his cabin with a grim face and Anil was sitting
uncomfortably in a chair. Anuj was standing near the door in deep thoughts.
“Why you did not anticipate it before accepting the contract?” Mehra blurted out.
It was only a month back when an order was received from a reputed new client for a software development. It was
an opportunity of long term association. Anil had prepared the list of activities and the Gantt chart for the project.
The Gantt chart indicated that the project will take 15 weeks, as specifically desired by customer.
“The only resource we require is only one specialist for this type of software and that should pose no problem. ” Anil
had said.
When the project was being planned, Anil came through the problem. All the activities required the same specialist
and he could work on only two activities at a time. There are periods when 3 activities are working together and that
means some activities will have to wait. The project will take 17 weeks in place of 15 and the customer will be lost
forever.
Anil had gone to Mehra with this new discovery to find the possibility of requesting customer for extending time limit.
“Can we hire additional specialist?” Mehra asked. In a dim voice Anil said “I am afraid, we cannot find one at this
moment.”
“I really don’t know how to face the customer” Mehra said with a tense face.
At this point Anuj said “Sir I think we can deliver project within schedule even with one specialist”
Activity Time (In weeks)

Predecessors
D G
A 2 -
E
B 4 A
A
B C 3 A
F D 3 -
C
E 6 B
F 8 C
G 2 D, E, F
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RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
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TYPES OF RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS
• People
• Materials
• Equipment
• Working capital
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Projects may be
• Time constrained project must be

finished by a certain time
• Resource constrained project must be

finished without exceeding some specific
level of resource usage
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Time constrained projects
• Focusses on resource utilization
• Demand for resources may be erratic
• Demand for resources is balanced by

resource loading and resource levelling
techniques
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RESOURCE LOADING
• The amount of individual resources an
existing schedule requires during
specific time periods
• Gives general understanding of

demands a project makes
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activity time precedence Resource

requirement
A 2 - 2
B 3 - 2
C 5 - 4
Centre for
A (2)
C (5)
Project network
B (3)
B
Gantt Chart
C
... . .
Centre for
Day 1 2 3 4 5
A 2 2 - - -
B 2 2 2 - -
C 4 4 4 4 4
Resource 8 8 6 4 4
requirement
9
8
7
6
5 C
4 B
A
3
2
1
0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Centre for
Activity Precedence Time Resource X Resource Y

A - 20 4 0
B - 20 2 1
C - 10 3 1
D A 15 0 2
E BC 10 2 1
F BC 14 1 1
G BC 4 1 0
H C 11 0 2
I GH 18 6 3
J DE 8 0 6
Centre for
D 15
J8
A 20 E 10
B 20 F 14
C 10 G4 I 18
H 11
Centre for
A 20 D 15 J8
E 10
F 14
B 20 G4 I 18
C 10
H 11
. . . . . . . . .
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Centre for
RESOURCE X
Day 0 -10 11 - 20 21 22 - 24 24 - 30 31 - 34 35 36 - 42 43
load 9 6 4 4 9 7 6 6 0
RESOURCE Y
Day 0 -10 11 - 20 21 22 - 24 24 - 30 31 - 34 35 36 - 42 43
load 2 3 6 4 7 6 5 9 6
Centre for
Day 0 -10 11 - 20 21 22 - 24 24 – 30 31 - 34 35 36 - 42 43
load 9 6 4 4 9 7 6 6 0
resource X
10
9
8
7
6
5
4 resource X
3
2
1
0
10 20 21 24 30 34 35 42 43
to t o to to to t o
0 11 22 25 31 36
Centre for
Day 0 -10 11 - 20 21 22 - 24 24 - 30 31 - 34 35 36 - 42 43
load 2 3 6 4 7 6 5 9 6
Resource Y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4 Resource Y
3
2
1
0
10 20 21 24 30 34 35 42 43
o o
0 t 11 t 2 to 5 to 1 to 6 to
2 2 3 3
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Resource levelling
Resource levelling aims to minimize the

period by period variations in resource
loading by shifting tasks within their slack
allowances
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Day 1 2 3 4 5
A 2 2 - - -
B 2 2 2 - -
C 4 4 4 4 4
Resource 8 8 6 4 4
requirement
9
8
7
6
5 C
4 B
3 A
2
1
0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Centre for
A (2)
C (5)
Project network
B (3)
B
Gantt Chart
C
... . .
Centre for
Day 1 2 3 4 5
A 2 2 - - -
B 2 2 2
C 4 4 4 4 4
Resource 6 6 6 6 6
requirement
7
6
5
4 Column1
3 B
A
2
1
0
day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5
Centre for
F2
B5
A2 E4
C3 H1
D4
G3
Activity A B C D E F G H
Resource 10 5 2 9 5 1 3 6
Centre for
A
B
D
E
F
G
H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Resource 10 10 16 16 16 14 8 8 8 5 1 1 6
Centre for
A
B
D
E
F
G
H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Resource 10 10 11 11 11 14 10 10 10 13 4 4 6
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The data of a project which consists of 7 activities are shown in following
table:
•Find the critical path and the corresponding project completion time.
•Apply resource-levelling technique and obtain the smoothed manpower
requirements of the project, which minimizes the peak manpower
requirement.
Activity
A B C D E F G
Duration (in weeks)
5 5 5 6 6 6 6
Manpower
Requirement 40 24 16 10 20 20 30
Predecessors
- - A B C C E, F
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E6
C5
A5 F6
G3
B5 D6
Activity A B C D E F G
Resource 40 24 16 10 20 20 30
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A
B
D
E
F
G
5 11 22
10 16
Day 1-5 6 - 10 11 12 - 16 17 - 22
Resource 64 26 50 40 30
Centre for
A
B
D
E
F
G
5 11 22
10 16
Day 1-5 6 - 10 11 12 - 16 17 - 22
Resource 40 50 50 40 30
Centre for
A
B
E
F
G
5 11 22
10 16
Day 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 16 17 - 22
Resource 40 40 40 40
Centre for

B Tech, Pgdom, PHD: Area of Interest

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Centre for

19th May 2018

Activity Time (In weeks)

TYPES OF RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS

• Time constrained project must be

• Resource constrained project must be

• Demand for resources may be erratic

• Demand for resources is balanced by

• Gives general understanding of

activity time precedence Resource

Activity Precedence Time Resource X Resource Y

Resource levelling aims to minimize the

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