Management

Information Systems
An Introduction
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

• System:
A group of elements that are integrated with the
common purpose of achieving an objective.

– Sub System:
A system within a system.
– Super System:
When a system is a part of a larger system, the
larger system is called as the Super System.
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

0- System:
– Government

1- Super System:
– Government of Pakistan

2- Sub System:
-- Government of Punjab etc.
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

• System:
A group of elements that are integrated with the
common purpose of achieving an objective.
– Physical System:
The business firm is a Physical System
transforming input (raw material) into output
(finished goods or services).
– Conceptual System:
A system that uses conceptual resources (data &
information) to represent a Physical System.
Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

Data and Information

 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

Raw data from a supermarket

checkout counter can be
processed and organized to
produce meaningful information,
such as the total unit sales of dish
detergent or the total sales revenue
from dish detergent for a specific
store or sales territory.
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

• Data vs. Information

– Data are streams (collection) of raw
facts & figures
• e.g. Marks of Students in Quiz # 1

– Information is Data shaped into

meaningful form
– Information is a processed form of Data
• E.g. List of TOP 5 Students in Quiz # 1
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

• Information system:
– Any organized combination of people, hardware,
software, communication networks, and data
resources that collects, transforms, and
disseminates information in an organization

• Information system: Three activities produce

information organizations need
– Input: Captures raw data from organization or external
environment
– Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form
– Output: Transfers processed information to people or
activities that use it
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

An information system Functions of an Information System

contains information about
an organization and its
surrounding environment.
Three basic activities—
input, processing, and
output—produce the
information organizations
need. Feedback is output
returned to appropriate
people or activities in the
organization to evaluate
and refine the input.
Environmental actors, such
as customers, suppliers,
competitors, stockholders,
and regulatory agencies,
interact with the
organization and its
information systems.
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

Information Systems Are More Than Computers

Using information
systems effectively
requires an
understanding of the
organization,
management, and
information technology
shaping the systems. An
information system
creates value for the firm
as an organizational and
management solution to
challenges posed by the
environment.
 Management
Information System Computerized
Information
System

Accounting
problem Information
System

Management
Decisions information Information
System

Decision
Support System

Solution Knowledge
Based System

Others…
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

Management Information System

The field that deals with behavioral as well as
technical issues and impact of information
systems used by managers and employees in the
firm regarding Decision Making in problem
solving is called Management Information System
OR
The study of information systems focusing on
their use in business and management.
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

• Organizational dimension of
information systems
– Hierarchy of authority, responsibility
• Senior management
• Middle management
• Operational management
• Data workers
• Production or service workers
 Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems

Business
organizations are
Levels in a Firm
hierarchies
consisting of three
principal levels:
senior
management,
middle
management, and
operational
management.
Information
systems serve
each of these
levels. Scientists
and knowledge
workers often work
with middle
management.