Lime

Agenda

Introduction Kinds Processing

History Resources Uses

 WHAT IS
LIME…………??

It may be
Lime is a general term for calcium oxide
calcium containing inorganic or calcium
material in which carbonates , hydro –
oxides and hydro-oxides oxide.
predominate.
 Lime is generally of marine origin - that is, it is formed
under the sea as accumulations of the
shelly marine organisms over long periods.

For this reason, fossilized forms of sea life can

be readily found in many limestones, although

older limestones have generally been squeezed
so much during their geological history that they
have recrystallised into hard limestones or
even marbles in which the remains of sea
life are no longer recognisable
 CLASSIFICATION OF
LIME;

1.Fat,rich,pur
e or high
calcium lime

2.Poor or
lean lime;
3.Hydroli
c lime;
History of lime stone
 First mortar was mud and clay these materials
were used because of availability and low cost
 It was discovered that when lime stone burnt and
combined with water produce a material that
would harden with age
CONTN…………
 Construction of lime is approximately 4000 B.C
……….
 First of all Egypt used lime for plastering the
pyramid. Then a Roman architect Vitruvius use
lime for mortar in masonary works
1.Fat,rich,pure or high calcium lime;

1.Fat,rich,pure
or high calcium
lime;
Poor or lean lime

It contains about
80% calcium
oxide and more
than
5% impurities in
It . It sets and
hardens slowly.
 Hydrolic lime

This class of
lime sets even
under water
hence the name
is
hydraulic lime.
 ARTIFICIAL HYDRAULIC LIME
 To prepare artificial lime available lime stone is
calcined & the quicklime obtained is called slaked.
 Required quantity of clay is mixed with slaked
lime to get the same composition as that of good
Hydraulic lime stone.
 It is then made into balls , dried & burnt in kilns
 Burnt balls are then ground dry to get Artificial
Hydraulic Lime
 2.Moderately
hydraulic
lime.
3.Eminently
1. Feebly
hydraulic
hydraulic
lime

Hydrolic
lime
1. Feebly
hydraulic

It contains 15%
impurity and its rate
of slaking is very low.
2.Moderately
hydraulic lime.

It contains 15 to 25%
impurity. Its rate of
slaking is very low
but gives stronger
mortar.
3.Eminently
hydraulic lime.

It contains 25 to 30%
impurity . It is used in
place of port land
cement because of
similarity in
properties and
composition.
 Field Tests of Building
Lime
There are four tests of building lime.
1) Visual examination test.
2) Hydrochloric acid test.
3) Ball test.
4) Impurity test.
5) Workability test.
Hydrochloric Acid Test
Fill a teaspoon , put it in a test tube , tap the test tube gently for
about 2 minutes so that the sample in the test tube presents a neat
level surface on top. Scratch with a glass making pencil the level
of the sample in the tube.
Now add about 10ml of 50 % hydrochloric acid in the tube. The
contents are now stirred well till all effervescence stops.
More acid may be added to ensure that none of the inert material
is left in the form of calcium carbonate . The test tube with its
contents is then kept standing in its stand for 24 hours.
Excessive effervescence indicates that the lime has not been
burnt properly or stored properly. The portion of inert material
settled at the bottom of the test tube compared with the original
idea of it being excessive or not.
 Impurity Test

A known weight of fresh quicklime is added to sufficient quantity of

water in a vessel and stirred well. It is then allowed to settle for two
hours.
The milk of lime , if needed , on dilution with water is then passed
through 250-micron IS Sieve. Wash the residue with water till it is
free from lime.
Transfer with a jet of water the residue to a tray , allow it to settle and
decant off the water from tray.
Dry the residue for 8 hours in hot sun and weigh . Calculate the %age
of the residence over the initial weight of material.
Efficiency of burning lime is indicated by following grading.
Less than 10%
Good
Between 10 to 20%
Fair
More than 20%
Poor
 Field Slaking Of Building Lime

Slaking
Bringing of quicklime & water
together resulting in the formation of
calcium hydroxide.
It reduces the serious harmful effects.
 Method of Slaking

There are two methods of slaking

1: Platform Slaking

2: Tank Slaking
Setting action of lime

Fat lime:
It sets in the presence of carbon dioxide.
Quick lime CaO forms calcium hydro oxide
Ca(OH)2. In contact with water. But when
this calcium hydro oxide comes in contact
with carbon dioxide present in air it
solidifies forming calcium carbonate.
ADVANTAGES;
1.Good workability and
plasticity.

2.Less shrinkage on drying.

3.Durability.
 1

limestone
3

As stated Hydrated lime

earlier, the These are
term ’lime’ each used Or
refers to for different
three related purposes. Slaked lime
substances: 2

Burnt lime
WHAT IS LIMESTONE?

 It is a sedimentary
rock
 It was formed mainly
from sea shells
 It is the compound
called calcium
carbonate
 It is a useful raw
material
What can limestone be used for?

Building walls

Building houses

Limestone is also used to

make cement and concrete

Neutralising excess acid in

lakes or soils
 More about limestone

Limestone is dug up out of the ground in quarries

In Britain about 150 million tonnes of limestone are
quarried each year
Limestone is the compound calcium carbonate
It’s formula is CaCO3
Limestone can be chemically changed into other
things
 Heating limestone

When limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated, it

will break down (decompose)
When something breaks down with heat we call this
reaction a ….
Thermal decomposition reaction
Calcium carbonate will have broken down into
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
We call calcium oxide quicklime…
 A WORD EQUATION FOR THIS REACTION

Calcium heat calcium carbon

Carbonate oxide dioxide
 MANFACURE OF LIME

 Like bricks lime stones too are burnt in clamps or

kilns.
Clamp:
When quantity of lime is very small it is burnt in a
clamp.A 4m high heap of stones and fuel in alternate
layers is made on ha 5m diameter is made.1st and last
layer is of fuel. Coal is used as fuel.Sides are
plastered with to stop the loss of heat. A little opening
is used as draught. Blue flame disappears then the
lime is burnt. This is uneconomical process due to loss
of heat and
 Some lime powder is lost is fuel ash. Also the
quick lime caries the admixture of ashes.
 INTERMITTENT KILN
 IT is used when the quantity of lime is large. In this kiln fuel
is not in contact with lime. An arch is made with the pieces
on which smaller pieces are loaded. Fire is lighted. Burning
should be gradual so that arch should not split. Shells too
could be burnt in this kiln. It takes 2 days to burn and 1 day
to get to cool the charge.
 CONTINUOUS KILN
 Wood or charcoal could be used as fuel. Stone and other impurities
are broken to pieces in a 5cm gauge.
Alternate layers of 75mm stones and 6mm coal and a foundation of
1.25m of fuel followed by an alternate layer of 0.5 m thick of stone
metal and wood are fed. Top should be covered with mud leaving a
hole of 0.5m diameter.

Burning proceeds continuously and

kiln is not allowed to cool down.
Burnt material is drawn out daily and
fresh charge of fuel and stone is added
from the top.
 Withdrawn burnt material is hand picked ,
over burnt
ones are reloaded again. Remaining material is
ground in a mill for use. One cubic meter of
limestone should give 0.81 cubic meter of
burnt material.
 Fair proof works
Plastic inner use
Plastic inner use
Precautions in handling lime

Goggles use
Dust proof instrument use

After work large quantity of water use and krem or oily

things use
 *Uses for slaked lime
*To neutralise acidic *To neutralise lakes
soils, and to break up which have been
the soil so that plants polluted by acid rain
can grow well
A WORD EQUATION FOR THIS REACTION

calcium + carbon calcium + water

hydroxide dioxide carbonate
 Important
Note

Storage of lime stone is not a difficult work

It is difficult to store lime
Storage of lime

Dry places
water tight We store
floor we putty of lime
store lime for one to
pouder for two days
two months
Thank you