Basic Introduction:

 Geiger counter is an instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation.

t detects ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles and 

gamma rays using the ionization effect produced in a Geiger–Müller tube

GM tube can only detect presence of a radiation but not the energy of the
radition.

applications such as radiation dosimetry, radiological protection, 

experimental physics and the nuclear industry.
 Principle of operation

Main component: GM tube, which is the sensing

element.

Tube filled with inert gas (He, Ne, Ar) at a low pressure.
High voltage is applied.
Gas is ionized by radiation or when particle strikes the atom.

What do we do of these electrons?

Measure the number of ionization events as count rate. The count rate can be
measured by a digital/ analog device. (Scintillation counter is present.)
The concept of audible clicks can be used to calculate the rate of ionization
events being detected.
Limitation of the GM tube:
Type of radiation cannot be identified
Reason: Output pulse is always the same magnitude as the incident radiaiton.

Cannot measure high radiation rates

Reason: Dead time of the tube.]

What is dead time?

For detection systems that record discrete events, such as particle and nuclear
 detectors, the dead time is the time after each event during which the system
is not able to record another event
Application:
Particle Detection
X ray and gamma ray detection

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