MODES OF

INTERVENTION
MRS. SHANI.T.K
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
INTERVENTION

• Any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual

sequence in the development of disease in man.
• This may be the provision of treatment,
education, help or social support.
5 MODES OF INTERVENTION

• Health promotion
• Specific protection
• Early diagnosis and treatment
• Disability limitation
• Rehabilitation
 HEALTH PROMOTION
• It is the process of enabling people to increase
control over and to improve health
• It is not directed against any particular disease
• It is aimed to strengthen the host through a variety
of approaches
INTERVENTIONS FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION

• Health education
• Environmental modifications
• Nutritional interventions
• Lifestyle and behavioral changes
HEALTH EDUCATION

• Most effective
• Related knowledge is essential to the fullest
attainment of health
ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATIONS

• Non clinical interventions

• Provision of safe water, installation of sanitary
latrine, control of insects and rodents,
improvement of housing etc.
NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS

• Food distribution, nutrition improvement of

vulnerable groups, child feeding programs,
food fortification, nutrition education etc.
 LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIORAL
CHANGES
• Lifestyle and behaviour is a major determinant of
health
• Individual and community responsibility
• Health education is of importance in changing the
views, behaviour and habits of people.
SPECIFIC PROTECTION

• Immunization, use of specific nutrients,

chemoprophylaxis, protection against
occupational hazards.
• Protection against accidents, protection from
carcinogens, avoidance of allergens, control of
specific hazards in the general environment like
air pollution and noise control, control of
consumer product quality and safety of foods,
drugs, cosmetics etc.
 HEALTH PROTECTION

• The provision of conditions for normal mental and

physical functioning of the human being individually
and in the group.
• It includes the promotion of health, the prevention of
sickness and curative and restorative medicine in all its
aspects.
 EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

• Early detection of health impairment is defined as the

detection of disturbances of homeostatic and compensatory
mechanism while biochemical morphological and functional
changes are still reversible.
• The earlier disease is diagnosed and treated the better the
prognosis
 DISABILITY LIMITATION
• The objective of this intervention is to prevent or
halt the transition of the disease process from
impairment to handicap.
 CONCEPT OF DISABILITY
• Disease --- Impairment --- Disability --- Handicap
• Impairment : any loss or abnormality of psychological,
physiological or anatomical structure or function.
• E.g : loss of foot, defective vision or mental retardation
• It may be visible or invisible, temporary or permanent,
progressive or regressive
• Disability : Inability to carry out certain activities
• Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an
activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being.
• Handicap
• A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an
impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the
fulfillment of a role that is normal (depending on age,
sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual.
 TAKING ACCIDENT AS AN EXAMPLE

• Accident : disease or disorder

• Loss of foot : impairment (extrinsic or intrinsic)
• Cannot walk : disability (objectified)
• Unemployed : handicap (socialized)
 DISABILITY PREVENTION

• It relates to all the levels of prevention ; reducing

the occurrence of impairment, disability limitation
by appropriate treatment and preventing the
transition of disability into handicap.
 REHABILITATION

• The combined and coordinated use of medical,

social, educational and vocational measures for
training and retraining the individual to the
highest possible level of functional ability.
• Medical rehabilitation
• Vocational rehabilitation
• Social rehabilitation
• Psychological rehabilitation
THANK YOU