CATHARSI

S
EDUCATIO
N
ACTION
THE CEA METHOD
• A structured technique that
combines health education
and counselling.
• This method brings out the
psychological concerns that
result from wrong perception
of reality and hinder
appropriate behavior.
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“ If addressed appropriately,
barriers are lifted and
educational inputs are better
received. This method focuses
not only on the problems but
also on the opportunities for
improvement and development

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 CATHARSIS
1 to let out
CATHARSIS
• Patient expresses emotion to
decrease tension and negative
psychological experience,
paving the way for insight.

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CATHARSIS

• Catharsis is not just about

crying
• It is mainly about the patient
becoming aware of a hidden
emotion and venting it
verablly to release tension to
come to realization what is
behind it. 6
 FOUR BASIC STEPS
1. THOUGHTS

“What came to your

mind when you started
feeling your
symptoms”

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“ “Ano ang naisip
mo noong
nakaramdam ka
ng sakit?”
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 FOUR BASIC STEPS
1. THOUGHTS 2. FEELINGS
“What came to your
“What feelings came
mind when you started
out when these
feeling your
thoughts came to your
symptoms”
mind?”

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“ “Ano ang mga
naramdaman mo
noong naisip mo
ang mga ito?”
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 FOUR BASIC STEPS
1. THOUGHTS 2. FEELINGS
“What came to your
“What feelings came
mind when you started
out when these
feeling your
thoughts came to your
symptoms”
mind?”

3. CONSEQUENCE

“What consequence of
your illness makes you
feel this way the most?”

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“ “Ano ang pinaka
If the feeling is fear:

nakakatakot na
maaaring mangyari
dahil sa sakit mo?”
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EMOTIONALLY CRITICAL
MISCONCEPTION
• In most cases the answer to
question #3 will be the ECM
that will be the focus for
patient education later.
• ECM- misperception causing
the greatest emotional upset.

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 FOUR BASIC STEPS
1. THOUGHTS 2. FEELINGS
“What came to your
“What feelings came
mind when you started
out when these
feeling your
thoughts came to your
symptoms”
mind?”

3. CONSEQUENCE SUMMARIZE

“What consequence of “Summarize the ECM

your illness makes you and the emotions
feel this way the most?” associated with it”

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“ “Naisip mo noong
sumakit ang ulo mo na
baka mayroon kang
tumor sa utak at natakot
ka na baka mamatay ka
tulad ng pinsan mo?”
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By going through the steps, hopefully,
two things will happen:

1. The patient will be able to articulate

and vent his/her emotions.
2. He/she is no longer preoccupied in
trying to keep a lid on his/her
feelings, he/she now has enough
space in his/her mind to listen to
what the physician has to say about
the illness.

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 EDUCATION
2 to teach
EDUCATION
• Tempting to start discussing
pathophysiology of the
disease, medical management,
and surgical procedure.
• Discuss ECM before anything
else.

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“
“If for instance, the patient’s fear is
that he/she will die of his/her
illness, but the reality is that death
is a distant possibility, then a
straightforward statement to that
effect, followed by a simple
explanation of why death is
unlikely, will provide the greatest
emotional relief in the shortest
period of time.” 19
Education
1st
• Physician should speak in
the language of the patient
• Explanations must be
simple and appropriate
• Scientific terms should be
avoided

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Education
2nd
• The power of analogy in
explaining complicated
concepts should not be
underestimated
• (e.g. how balloons burst with
too much air to demonstrate
relationship between
hypertension and intracranial
bleeds 21
Education
3rd• In motivating a patient to
comply with a treatment
plan, it is necessary to
provide scientific
evidence.
• Doctors should not
hesitate to use anecdotes
and testimonies if that is
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what will convince the
Education
4th• The misperception that
causes the greatest anxiety
may only be marginally
related to pathophysiology
• Sufficient attention and
sensitivity to the feelings
of the patient must be
provided
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Education
5th• A physician should “titrate”
the amount of anxiety to a
level where the patient is not
paralyzed with fear, while at
the same time, ensuring that
there is sufficient anxiety to
energize the patient to take
the right steps towards health
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 ACTION
3 to act upon
ACTION
• Physician must now propose
an action plan to relieve the
patient of his/her ailment
• Evidence-based principles
must be used in
recommending treatment.

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ACTION
• Patients may also have ECMs
about the treatment,
particularly when the
intervention involves surgery,
or when the medicine being
given has a reputation for
side-effects. These must be
addressed immediately.
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