DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

OF PRESCHOOLER
I. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
A.WEIGHT: Preschooler gains approximately 1.8
kg/year
B.HEIGHT: grow 2 to 2 ½ inches a year
C.BODY CONTOUR: child changes rapidly
D.TEETHING: children have all 20 deciduous
teeth
E.SENSORY: normal vision
F. VITAL SIGNS: HR: 70-100 bpm
RR: 24 cpm
II. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
A.PREOPERATIONAL PERIOD
B.PHASE OF INTUITIVE THOUGHT
- talks constantly
- asks for definitions
- knows age and residence
- names days of week
- begins to understand
kinship
- knows primary colors
- can copy a triangle
- high degree of
imagination
G. NUTRITION
-similar to that f a toddler but decreases to 90 kcl/g/day
Protein: 1.2 kg/kg/day
Fluids : 100ml/kg/day depending o activity level
Food Preferences and Patterns:
-may reject vegetables, mixed dishes and liver
Fave foods:
-cereals, meat, baked potatoes, fruits, sweets
-restless during meals
-struggle w/ utensil
-focus on social aspects of eating
H. SLEEP PATTERNS
-sleeps 11-13 hrs/ day
-naps in the afternoon (30-60 mins)
-reassure bedtime rituals and relaxation
-sleep problems are common
G. DENTAL HEALTH
-20 deciduous teeth by age 3
-fine motor development enables him to use toothbrush
properly
-supervise child’s brushing & should perform flossing
-avoid cariogenic(sweet &sticy) foods to prevent dental carries
J. ELIMINATION
-capable of independent toilet training
-voids= 50-100 ml/day
K. SAFETY
-less accident prone than toddlers
-still risk for injuries: falls, aspirations, burns
-safety measures
-”practice what they preach”- keen observers &
initiates others
II. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
A. PREOPERATIONAL PERIOD
B. PHASE OF PRECONCETUAL PHASE (2-4)
-talks constantly
-asks for definitions
-knows age & residence
-names days of week
-begins to understand kinship
-knows primary color
-can copy a triangle
-high degree of imagination
III. PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
3 YEARS 4 YEARS 5 YEARS
GROSS MOTOR Walks a straight line Runs on tiptoes Imitates dance steps if
Walks backward Balances on 1 foot in 3-5 taught
Walks on tiptoes secs Balances on 1 foot in 8-
Catches a ball w/ Hops on preferred foot 10 secs
extended arms Alternates feet when Roller skates
Kicks a ball descending stairs Runs and hops well;
Climb stairs jumps well
Catches a ball smoothly

FINE MOTOR Builds tower 9-10 blocks Draws a simple face Writes leters
Uses scissors Color with crayons May be able to print
Copies a circle own name
Draws a 3 part man

SELF-CARE Helps dress himself Manages spoon w/ little Dress himself w/o
Can go to toilet alone spilling Combs hair
Brushes teeth w/ help Can put on socks w/ help Flushes toilet after use
Washes and dries hands Wipes self
w/o supervision independently
IV. PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
A.Oedipus Complex( son & mother)
B.Electra Complex(daughter & father)
C.Pleasure
D.Behaviors
V. SOCIAL, PLAY AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
A.SOCIAL: play w/ other children
B.TYPE OF PLAY: Associative or cooperative play
C.LANGUAGE:
1. 3 yrs old=200 or more words
2. 4 yrs old= more than 1000 words
3. 5yrs old= 10, 000 words
VI. MORAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
- Determine right and wrong from rules of parents
- Elemental concept of God
- Security of religious holidays
VII. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-initiative vs. guilt
-family is the SO
-mastered sense of autonomy
-develop sense of guilt when parents make child feel that
activities are unacceptable
-anxiety & fear results when thoughts& activities clash w/
parents expectation
-energetic & enthusiastic
-use simple reasoning
-tolerate longer periods of delay of gratification
VIII. SPECIAL CONCERNS
A.COMMON ILLNESS C. COMMON FEARS
1. colds 1. fear of the dark
2. ear infections 2. fear of separation
3. flu symptoms 3. fear of mutilation
B. COMMON ACCIDENTS D. BEHAVIOR
1. motor vehicles VARIATIONS
2. poisoning 1. imaginary friends
3. falls 2. difficulty sharing
4. drowning 3. regression
5. animal bites 4. sibling rivalry
6. burns
IX. NURSING CARE - time for school work and
1.Altered body image play
- hygiene and care 4. Isolation
2. Fear of death - time
- support 5. Loneliness
- comfort and honesty - introduction and
3. Interruptions to grouping w/ others
routines 6. Pain
- assessment
7. Restraints
- explain
8. Diet
- mouth care
- Regular meal time
1. Infant= solitary play
2. Toddler= parallel play
3. Preschooler= Associative/ cooperative play
4. School age=

 Preschoolers=their ear canal is horizontally set, there’s a

chance that secretions goes to ear
1. Understand the concept of death
2. Has concsience
 Sexual identity>> can recognize but can’t understand
-tendency of homosexuality